推荐回答(2个)
评价具有监测和激励等功能。学习评价是课堂教学的重要组成部分。通过适时的评价,教师可以把握学生的学习情况,以便调控教学。科学的评价可以有利地调动学生学习的各级性。激励学生的思维,如果评价得其反。因此要实施以培养学生思维地主要目的的学习评价。
1、追时评价。不轻易,草率的评价学生的发言和作业,而应适当追时,待住处一次反馈甚至多次反馈后再评价。这样有利于学生产生思维的触角。如散学完成一项工程由一队独做。甲队需要10天,已队需要5天,现甲队先做了5天以后,剩下的由已队独做,已队需要佬几天?解这道题时,多数学生的答案是:(1-1/10*5)/ 1/5;5*(1-1/10*5)、、、、、、,然而有一个学生列式与众不同:这时教师心想:他瞎猜,没道理,但一想先让他说说是怎么想的之后再给评价也不迟。这个学生讲出乎意料的简单:甲独做10天,做5天完成一半,已单独做5天完成。剩下的一半,已只在用5天的一半。教师对他这种创新的思维感到非常惊讶,师生给予掌声鼓励。
2、是多值评价。传统的课堂评价经常利用采用=值
判断,即只在对与错上评价,这样容易削弱学生的思维活动。应根据学生的思维[实际做多值评价,即不指出对与错,还应指出好与坏,繁与简,难与易是否有创新的精神等。同时,还要十分注意评价的相对性,有些解法虽繁,但更麻砺思维和意识;有些想法虽有错误,但能给其他同学警示。通过多值评价,充分挖掘全班学生的智慧,创设知识共享的氛围。
3、激励评价对于学生提出的各种问题,教师应认真对待,认真听取,而且肆鼓励学生善于提出问题。对于学生的认识,正确的要充分肯定。有个人独特认识的要大力鼓励。错误的也不要直接否定,要肯定学生已经积极思考的前提下,引导学生再想一想、或听一听别人的意见。要使每一个学生在他的最近发展区内得到发展,享受成功的快乐。
4、尊重学生。给他们一个敢于提出问题的胆。小学生不敢向老师提出问题的第一原因是他们不敢提。尤其是对基础差的胆量小的学生。要在课堂上提出问题确实不容易,因为他们要承受被老师指责和同学发笑的风险。要想激发学生创新的意识首先要学生敢问。因此教师的语言要传递着使学生自信的价值的评价。鼓励学生:谁在课堂上敢于提出问题,就要受到表扬;如果谁提出问题,使教师张口结舌,不能回答。这最好的,说明同学对这个总是的思考,想得比
教师还要深。教师今天不能回答,可以尚待以后解答。通过这样的鼓励评价,就会使学生敢于把内心的疑问大胆地提出来。充分调动学生自主学习的主动和性积极性。
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