推荐回答(2个)
可以从以下方面着手:
1、首先,炉内燃烧是个整体性的煤粉氧化发热过程,我们可以把它分成两个方面:一是炉内风煤配比、一二次风配比、燃烧器工况所形成的燃烧工况,一是来自三次风及外界(主要是负压、漏风等)的影响,也就是三次风及外界对炉内燃烧工况的扰动。燃烧稳定与否取决于炉内燃烧工况是否能够抵抗三次风及外界的扰动。
2、调整好炉内燃烧工况的关键在于以下几个方面:
a、合理的风煤配比,即保持最佳的过剩空气量,即保持合理的氧量值。我厂3台炉设计氧量3-5%,由于氧量计位置在29米省煤器入口处,受炉膛及烟道漏风的影响(漏风几乎不参与燃烧),因此不同的炉子、不同的负荷段,应保持不同的氧量值,以保证炉内过剩空气系数为1.25左右。一般来说,200-150MW负荷段控制氧量4-6为宜,150-100MW负荷段控制氧量6-8为宜。当然3台炉漏风情况不同,#4炉漏风偏大,氧量值可视燃烧情况而定。
b、合理的炉内空气动力工况,即一、二次风配比。对于劣质煤由于灰分偏大,挥发份偏小,使煤粉着火热增大,着火困难;而灰壳包裹碳粒,阻挡碳与氧气的接触界面,使燃烧推迟。因此,调整上应参照集中配风的原则,保证下组燃烧器的稳定着火,又要保证后期二次风的充分混入。即保持下组两层给粉机足够的粉量,适当关小第二层二次风,同时开大第四层二次风,根据上组粉量适当开大第六层二次风。
另外,单只燃烧器煤粉射流的着火热除了接受炉内高温烟气的辐射热,还接受上游邻角剧烈燃烧火炬的直接引燃。而最恰当的邻角补火,正好是四角一二次风速均等,一二次风速大小恰当,二次风对一次风的引流恰到好处。因此,我们在调整上除了要保证给粉机来粉均匀(主要是控制粉位3.5米以上,因为煤的密度为1000kg/m3,而劣质煤种石块密度大大高于1000kg/m3,低粉位来粉不均情况更为严重。),控制一次风速22-26m/s,还要控制二次风速47.5m/s左右,而二次风速的调整主要是控制总风压。
3、减少三次风及外界扰动。这里,我们主要分析如何减少三次风扰动。
a、 保持细粉分离器落粉管锁气器动作灵活,重锤转矩合适,防止细粉分离器堵塞,引起三次风带粉。
b、 保持粗粉分离器回粉管锁气器动作灵活,重锤转矩合
适,防止粗粉分离器堵塞,引起三次风带粉。
C、及时掏木块,防止木块分离器堵塞积粉,引起三次风带粉。
c、 保持制粉系统正常出力,磨煤机出口温度#3、#4炉不低于75℃,#5炉不低于70℃,目的是:一方面保持煤粉均匀,细度合格,一方面防止制粉系统超出力运行引起系统各段积粉堵塞带粉。
4、对燃烧稳定的判断:
稳定的燃烧应从以下几个方面判断:盘上炉膛负压波动范围小,均匀稳定,氧量合适稳定,高过后烟温稳定,火检及工业电视火焰显示稳定;就地10米四角火焰呈金黄色,煤质水分过大时火焰发红,第一层二次风偏小时火焰出现煤粉析离有黑烟迹,四角温度应在1100℃左右,关键要保持四角均匀稳定;15米火焰主要要求亮度,温度不能偏低,应该在1400-1500℃,四面墙温度不能偏差过大,闪度不能过大;18米火焰闪度不能过频、过大。就地看火时,要结合就地情况有目的有针对地进行调整,在盘上表记、就地工况之间反复验证,达到统一。
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