甲型H1NI中H代表什么,那N呢

2025-01-24 15:38:04
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

H1N1是一种病毒,是Orthomyxoviridae系列的一种病毒。它的宿主是鸟类和一些哺乳动物。所有亚型的H1N1病毒已被隔离野生鸟类,但疾病是罕见。有些H1N1病毒引起严重的疾病大多发生于家禽方面,而人类却很少出现。但经过鸟类和哺乳动物的传播和变异,这可能导致疫情或人类流感大面积传播。
  与H1N1同一系列的还有H5N1, H7N2, H1N7, H7N3, H13N6, H5N9, H11N6, H3N8, H9N2, H5N2, H4N8, H10N7, H2N2, H8N4, H14N5, H6N5, H12N5等等。
  变种有时根据宿主而改变的。主要有以下几种:
  *禽流感
  *人类流感
  *猪流感
  *马流感
  *狗流感
  也有时被命名为根据其致命的禽类,特别是鸡:
  *低致病性禽流感( LPAI )
  *高致病性禽流感(禽流感) ,也称为:致命流感或禽流感死亡
  在H1N1为标记根据的H号码(类型的血凝素)和一个N号码(类型的神经氨酸酶)。每个亚型禽流感病毒已经变异成为各种菌株具有不同的致病概况;一些致病的一个物种,但不接受其他一些致病的多个物种。最知名的菌株灭绝。
  H1N1病毒是消极意义上说,单链,分割RNA病毒。有16个不同的HA抗原( H1至H16)和9个不同的适用抗原(N1至N9)体。
  1998年从美国北卡罗来纳州分离到一株H3N2亚型h1n1,其HA,NA和PB1基因为人型流感病毒基因,M,NP和NS基因为猪型流感病毒基因,PB2、PA基因为禽型流感病毒基因[10]。1978年,日本暴发的H1N2h1n1是由H1N1和H3N2基因重组而产生的新亚型[11]。国内从山东猪分离出H9N2流感病毒,分析可能是由鸡和鸭流感病毒重组的结果[10]。继H9N2亚型流感病毒1998年首次从猪群中分离到,研究表明,通过进行部分序列分析发现,猪源H9N2亚型与国内分离的禽流感病毒高度同源。SI和人流感之间也可以发生交叉感染和传播。1978年,从台湾的一个猪群中分离到了H3N2亚型h1n1,通过测序发现,此病毒发生了人流感病毒和SI病毒基因片段的重组[12]。
  由于h1n1受到的免疫压力较大,8个基因片段的氨基酸变化不断积累,其抗原变异明显。在孤立的地理环境中,h1n1却可持续存在并保持相对的遗传稳定性

回答2:

所谓H和N,是指甲型流感病毒表面的两大类蛋白质。H是血细胞凝集素(Hemagglutinin),其作用像一把钥匙,帮助病毒打开宿主细胞的大门;N是神经氨酸酶(Neuraminidase),能够破坏细胞的受体,使病毒在宿主体内自由传播。

回答3:

H1N1被称为红细胞凝聚素,N被称作神经氨酸苷酶,它们都是糖蛋白,分布在病毒表面。H有1—15个亚型,N有1—9个亚型(在甲型病毒的情况下)。由于H和N的组合不同,病毒的毒性和传播速度也不相同

回答4:

“西班牙流感”病毒与禽流感病毒同属A型流感病毒,不同的是“西班牙流感”属于H1亚型,而禽流感病毒则属于H5亚型

回答5:

好像是两种病菌啊所以代码不一样

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