推荐回答（1个）
我国《民法通则》和《合同法》中关于不可抗力是这样规定的:不可抗力是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。不可抗力是独立于人的行为之外，并且不受当事人意志所支配，在各国法律中都是免责事由。但是关于不可抗力的内容和适用范围则很难由法律作出具体规定，这就需要当事人在合同中订立不可抗力条款，来具体确定不可抗力的内容和适用范围。下面具体谈一谈。1.
关于不可抗力的约定。当事人在设立不可抗力条款时，应采取何种方式确定不可抗力事件，对此有两种不同观点。一种观点认为，当事人在合同中订立不可抗力条款时，应通过列举方式明确规定不可抗力事件。只有明文列举才有排他的效力，而且只有在条款中所明确列举的事件发生时才可导致当事人被免除责任。如果发生的事件是条款中没有明文列举的，即使阻碍了合同履行也不能导致当事人被免责。另一种观点认为，不可抗力条款应采取概括式的方式，此种观点认为，列举式的方式已不符合现代贸易的需要，在实践中当事人设定不可抗力条款应采取概括式的方式。我个人认为，这两种观点都有一定道理，但比较而言列举式的观点更为合理。主要理由在于：当事人设立不可抗力条款旨在对法律关于不可抗力的规定作出具体的补充。法律的规定常常过于原则，如果当事人在合同中订立的不可抗力条款也同样过于原则，将很难起到补充法律规定不足的作用。2.
关于不可抗力对责任的影响。大陆法系国家的法律大都明确规定，如出现不可抗力事件，则应免除当事人的履行责任，但值得注意的是，我国《合同法》第117条规定，“因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或全部免除责任，但法律另有规定的除外。”可见，我国法律认为，不可抗力的发生不一定导致当事人被全部免除责任；是否应当被全部免除，应依具体情况确定。在许多情况下，不可抗力的发生，只是暂时阻止合同的履行，而并不是导致合同完全、永远地不能履行，在此情况下解除合同，确实不如采取维持合同效力并延期履行的方式更有利于维持合同的严肃性，并充分实现当事人的订约目的。根据我国合同法规定，因不可抗力而免责具有如下例外：（1）金钱债务的迟延责任；（2）在迟延履行期间因发生不可抗力，不得免除违约方的责任。
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