文言文《核工记》的翻译?

2025-01-24 15:24:07
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

宋起凤《核工记》翻译与赏析 全文翻译: 我最小的弟弟得到了一枚桃核坠子,它长五分左右,横宽四分。整个桃核正面和背面全是山,在山的低洼处插出一座城来,城墙垛子分明,可以计算数目,城顶有高楼,楼门大开,其中有人,像是打更的更夫,拿着鼓槌,好象不能忍受这寒冷的天气一样。靠近山脚有一座寺院,隐蔽着三棵古老的松树。松树下面开了两扇门,可以打开和闭合。门里面有一个和尚,侧着耳朵专心致志地听着外面的声音,门半掩着,好象是等着谁应声开门。把门大开,好象在请谁进去的样子,以上两种情况反复揣测没有不合适的。松树东面来了一个和尚,背着佛经匆忙地前行,好象是刚参加完佛教活动晚归的人。对面的树林里有一个小和尚,听到了脚步声急急忙忙地上前。桃核旁边露出七级宝塔,距离河滩有半分远。靠近河滩系着一条小船,在篷窗短船之间,有一个船客靠着茶几在休憩,样子好象快要睡醒了。船尾有一个小童,抱着炉在吹火,大概是烧水给客人泡茶喝吧!船靠岸的地方正对着寺院的背面,高处的土山上有敲钟的阁楼蹲在那里。敲钟的人神色飞扬,怡然自得,是睡足了慢慢起身才这样的啊。山顶月亮昏暗呈半圆形,夹杂着稀疏的星星有几点。山下面则是波纹涨起来了,显示出大潮要来的征兆。整个桃坠的创意取自于唐朝张继的“姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船”的句子。 计算整个桃坠,共有七个人:分别是四个和尚,一个船客,一个小童,一个士兵。宫殿房屋器物用具共有九个:分别是:一座城,一座楼,一座寺院,一个宝塔,一条小舟,一个阁楼,一个炉灶,钟和鼓各一个。景致共有七处,分别是:山、水、林木、四块河滩石头,星星、月亮、三盏灯火。而人的活动例如传递更次,报知天亮,候门等人,夜晚归来,靠着茶几,烧制茶水,总共有六样,各自神情态度都不相同,并且具有其愁眉苦脸、畏惧严寒、凝聚神思各种神态,都一一模仿得很像。 佛语说:“容纳高山于芥菜子,大概说的就是这吧!” 赏析: 唐代诗人张继有一首饮誉古今的七绝《枫桥夜泊》:月落乌啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠。姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船。诗中描写了姑苏城外枫桥和寒山寺深秋冷落的自然景色,表现出一种寂寞的情调,渲染了作者旅途的孤愁情怀,而《核工记》所记桃核工艺品的微雕世界则是此诗意境的具体化、形象化,并赋予其丰富的内涵。全文运用对比手法,从不同角度,显示出雕刻者技艺的精湛和雕刻艺术的精巧。 首先,桃坠形体之小与雕刻人、物、景、人事之多形成对比,突出“奇巧”。桃坠“长五分许,横广四分”说明桃坠体积之小,显示了桃坠工艺品的精巧。结尾“计人凡七:僧四,客一,童一……隐几,煎茶,统为六。”众多人、物、景、人事都是雕刻在 “长五分许,横广四分”的桃坠上,这种对比充分说明了桃坠的巧夺天工。 其次,人物神态之活与情态之细形成对比,突出桃坠之“妙”。作品写更夫“若寒冻不胜者”的神态和情态,渲染了深秋冷落的自然景色;又如写寒山寺“户内一僧”则是“侧首倾听”,“松下东来一衲”又是“负卷帙踉跄行”,而舟尾小童是“拥炉嘘火”,钟阁叩钟者是“貌爽爽自得,睡足徐兴乃尔”。以上这些描写,既有粗线条的勾勒,又把人物最微妙的情态描述出来了。避免了枯淡,使文章显得生动感人。人物的神态和情态在特定的环境中,达到了高度的和谐美,突出了桃坠之妙。 第三,意境深邃与文字浅显形成对比,突出桃坠作品之美。桃坠“长五分许,横广四分”,上刻人、物、景、人事,文章描述文字虽浅显,却富有诗情画意。本文中,桃坠雕刻的重心凝聚在两处:一是寒山寺,一是小舟,扣住了诗的题意。先看寒山寺,依傍山麓,古松掩蔽。房门虚掩,一僧于屋内侧首倾听。他是听松涛声,还是听潮涨声?都不是。他是倾听人的足音,在等人。这样,僧的焦急之心不言而喻。这由“松外东来一衲,负卷帙踉跄行,若为佛事夜归者。对林一小陀,似闻足音仆仆前”可知。在这深夜中,“踉跄行”、“仆仆前”正说明事情非同一般。再看另一个画面:“近滩维一小舟。篷窗短舷间,有客凭几假寐,形若渐寤然。舟尾一小童,拥炉嘘火盖供客茗饮”。写客伏在小桌上小睡,像是要醒来的样子,点明了行客心事重重,揭示了行客愁闷落寞的情怀,以至于夜半三更,难以安眠。而残月半弯,疏星数点,潮声阵阵,无疑又为行客添了几多愁绪。这样,文中所介绍桃坠微雕世界的两个主要画面,都突出了一个“愁”字,完美地完成了诗的意境的体现。这些描写,用笔经济、简练,文字浅显,却包含着丰富的内容,给人以亲切自然之感。

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