推荐回答(4个)
钢结构连接方式有三种,分别为:焊接、铆接、栓接.
目前的使用方式为:
焊接应用最为普通;
高强度螺栓连接近年来发展很快,使用越来越多;
铆钉连接已基本被焊接和高强螺栓连接所取代.很少采用。
各自特点如下:
1、焊接连接
焊接是通过电弧产生的热量,使焊条和焊件局部熔化.经冷却凝结成焊缝,从而便焊件连接成一体。其优点是:任何形式的构件一般都可直接柑连,不削弱构件截面.用料经济、构造简单,制造加工方便,连接的刚度大、密封性能好,可实现自动化作业,生产效率高。其缺点是;焊缝附近钢材因焊接高温作用形成热影响区,导致局部材质变脆.焊接过程中例材受到不均匀的高温和冷却,使结构产生焊接残余应力和残余变形,对结构的承载力、刚度和使用性能有一定影响。此外,焊接钢结构由于刚度大,局部裂缝一经发生很容易扩展到整体,尤其是在低温下易发生脆断。并且,焊接的塑性和韧性较差,施炸时可能产生缺陷,便疲劳强度降低。
2、柳钉连接
铆钉连接是将一端带有预制钉头的铆钉,插人被连接构件的钉孔中,利用铆钉枪或压铆机,将另一端压成封闭钉头.从而使连接件被铆钉卡紧形成牢固的连接。铆钉连接的特点是传力可靠,塑性和韧性较好,质盘易于检查和保证,可用于承受动载的重型结构,但其构造复杂,费钢费工,劳动条件差,成本高,目前已很少采用。
3、螺栓连接
螺拴连接可分为普通螺栓连接和高强度螺栓连接两种。螺栓连接的优点是;施工工艺简单,安装方便,特别适用于工地安装连接。其缺点是:因开孔对构件截面有一定浏弱,且被连接的板件需要互相搭接或另设拼接件等连接件.因此,比焊接用材多。此外,螺拴连接需要在板件制孔等,增加了工作置。
钢结构的连接方法有焊接、普通螺栓连接、高强度螺栓连接和铆接。
根据焊接接头的连接部位,可以将熔化焊接头分为:对接接头、角接接头 、I
形及十字接头、搭接接头和塞焊接头等
形状缺陷:包括咬边、焊瘤、下塌、根部收缩、错边、角度偏差、焊缝超高、表
面不规则等
制孔可采用钻孔、冲孔、铣孔、铰孔、撞孔和惚孔等方法,对直径较大或长形孔
也可采用气割制孔。严禁气割扩孔。
钻孔、冲孔为一次制孔(其中,冲孔的板厚应不大于 12111111 〉。铣孔、铰孔、镗孔和
德孔方法为二次制孔,即在一次制孔的基础上进行孔的二次加工。采用气割制孔的方法,
实际加工时一般直径在 800101 以上的圆孔,钻孔不能实现时可采用气割制孔;另外对于长
圆孔或异形孔一般可采用先行钻孔然后再采用气割制孔的方法。对于采用冲孔制孔时,钢
板厚度应控制在 12mm 以内。
高强度螺栓连接处的摩擦面的处理方法通常有喷砂(丸 )法 、酸洗法、砂轮打磨
法和钢丝刷人工除锈法等。可根据设计抗滑移系数的要求选择处理工艺,抗滑移系数必须
满足设计要求。
低碳钢 合金钢 前者含碳量低,钢的硬度低,塑性好。后者力学性能好,具有高硬度高密度,适合大型工件的加工
钢结构连接方式有焊接,铆接,栓接. 目前铆接已经越来越不常用.
焊接不适用于承受动力荷载的结构,施工也麻烦,现场施工不易保证质量.
栓接费钢材(螺栓).表面处理麻烦.但栓接现场施工简单,易于操作。
从计算上来说分为铰接和刚接;铰接不能承受弯矩,刚接承受弯矩,铰接连接一般采用螺栓连接,刚接连接一般采用螺栓连接和焊接组合使用,也有全部焊接或全部铰接的。
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