一般疑问句改为间接宾语时,何时用If,何时用Whether
推荐回答(5个)
if和whether都可译为\"是否\",二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换,口语中多用if代替whether。例如:ask
if/whether
he
plans
to
come
to
the
meeting.
而以下几种情况中,
只能用whether:
1.
强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有or
not时。如:
let
me
know
whether
you
can
come
or
not.
2.
宾语从句前置时。如:
whether
this
is
true,
i
can\'t
say.
3.
引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如:
whether
the
football
game
will
be
played
depends
on
the
weather.
(主语从句)
the
question
is
whether
he
can
do
it.
(表语从句)
the
question
whether
we
should
go
with
them
must
be
decided
at
once.
(同位语从句)
4.
在介词之后作介词的宾语时。如:
i
haven\'t
settled
the
question
of
whether
i\'ll
go
back
home.
5.
在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时。如:
whether
to
go
or
stay
is
still
a
question.
6.
在discuss,
decide
等动词后作宾语时。如:
we
discussed
whether
we
should
go
there
by
plane.
值得注意的是:
if还可以引导条件状语从句,是\"假如;如果\"之意,而whether可以引导让步状语从句,是\"不管;无论\"
之意。如:
if
you
ask
him,
he
will
help
you.
i
shall
go,
whether
you
come
with
me
or
stay
at
home.
一、if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词ask
、see
、say
、know和find
out等后面。一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。如:
例1
nobody
knows
whether
(if)
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
没有人知道明天是否下雨。
例2
lucy
asked
whether
(if)
they
had
a
cotton
sweater
.露西问他们是否有棉制的羊毛衣。
二、if或whether引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态。
1
if或whether不能和that
或其它连词(副词)同时使用,也不能省去。如:
例3
我不知道他今天是否会来。
[误]
i
don’t
know
that
if(whether)
he
will
come
here
today
.
[正]
i
don’t
know
if(whether)
he
will
come
here
today
.
例4他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。
误]
he
came
to
see
what
if
(whether)
there
was
wrong
with
his
cat
.
[正]
he
came
to
see
if
(whether)
there
was
wrong
with
his
cat
.
2
if或whether引导的宾语从句时,虽具有疑问意义,但从句语序应用陈述句语序。如:
例5
did
you
know
the
way
to
the
hospital
?
the
old
woman
asked
me
.
the
old
woman
asked
me
.if
(whether)
i
knew
the
way
to
the
hospital
.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。
3
if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。如:
例6
i
don’t
know
if
(whether)
he
has
come
here
.
我不知道他是否来过这儿。
例7
tom
asked
if
(whether)
i
had
read
the
book
.
汤姆问我是否看过这本书
。
三、if和whether的区别:
1
在动词不定式之前只能用whether
。如:
例8
i
can’t
decide
whether
to
stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
2
在whether
……
or
not
的固定搭配中。如:
例9
i
want
to
know
whether
it’s
good
news
or
not
.
我想知道是否是好消息。
3
在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10
his
father
is
worried
about
whether
he
lose
his
work
.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether
。如:
例11
whether
they
can
finish
the
work
on
time
is
still
a
problem
.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
5用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12
could
you
tell
me
if
you
know
the
answer
?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。
if和whether的区别:
1 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:
例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
5用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。
一般情况下,if 和whether 可以替换,但下面四钟情况只能用whether
1句子中出现 or not时,必须用whether引导宾语从句
I want to know wheter or not ou like me .
I want to know whether you like me or not .
2当宾语从句为了起强调作用而放在句首时,必须用whether引导宾语从句
Whether you like me ,I want to know .
3当主句的谓语是由动词加介词构成的短语时,必须用whether引导宾语从句
They are talking about whether they will go to the zoo tomorrow .
4当if 容易引起歧义时,必须用whether引导宾语从句
Please let me know if you like it .
if ”如果” ---- 引导条件状语从句
”是否,是不是”----引导宾语从句
2
在whether
……
or
not
的固定搭配中。如:
例9
I
want
to
know
whether
it’s
good
news
or
not
.
我想知道是否是好消息。
3
在介词后,只能用whether,只能用whether
:
例10
His
father
is
worried
about
whether
he
lose
his
work
.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作:
例11
Whether
they
can
finish
the
work
on
time
is
still
a
problem
。
4宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,请告诉我,好吗?”。如。如,只用whether:
例12
Could
you
tell
me
if
you
know
the
answer
?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
5用if会引起歧义时:
例8
I
can’t
decide
whether
to
stay.
我不能决定是否留下。如if和whether的区别:
1
在动词不定式之前只能用whether
。如
通常情况下可互换,但要注意以下几点:
1.当从句中有or not 或or时,只能用wether.
e.g. She asked wether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
I can't say wether it is true or not.
2.当从句作介词的宾语时,只能用wethe.
e.g. It depends on wether he will come.
3.当从句是否定句时,只能用if.
e.g. I don't care if it does't rain.
4.有时为避免歧义,连词用wether,举个例子:Let us know if you are leaving tomorrow.这个句子若作为条件状语从句可译为:如果你明天要走让我们知道。作为宾语从句则可译为:让我们知道你明天是否要走。所以作为宾语从句时为避免这种歧义,把原句改为:Let us know wether you are leaving tomorro.
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