怎样嫁接木本柿子树 ?

2025-01-21 20:28:17
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

柿树嫁接成活率低,主要原因是柿树枝条中含有单宁物质,嫁接时削面的单宁易氧化形成"隔离层",即不溶性的聚合单宁,阻碍了砧木与接穗之间愈伤组织的形成和营养物质的流通。要提高柿树嫁接成活率,关键要做到以下几点:

1、在砧木芽开始萌动至展叶前进行嫁接,成活率最高,过早或过晚都会降低成活率。

2、选用粗壮的砧木和接穗,一般来说粗壮的砧木和接穗含养分多,生理机能比较旺盛,因而嫁接成活率高。故砧木最好选择粗壮、无病留床苗的2年生以上部位,而接穗要选择褐色,已木质化、有饱满芽的当年生新梢。

3、嫁接一定要选择晴天进行,在上午9时至下午4时嫁接成活率最高,不要在阴雨天、风天或晨露未干时嫁接。嫁接过程中动作要快,芽接刀要锋利,削面要平滑,尽量减少单宁氧化,注意接芽接在阳面。

4、可用嫁接刀蘸取3-5%的白糖水湿润砧木的接穗的削面后,进行嫁接,能明显提高嫁接成活率。

回答2:

  柿子树的嫁接一般采用芽接。芽接时间一般从4月下旬到8月中旬,在枝条韧皮部能剥离的期间内均可进行,以5月上旬至7月上旬成活率最高。
  下面介绍应用最广的“T”形芽接法,又称盾状芽接法。其方法步骤如下:
  (1)选砧木。选用生长旺盛而又无病虫害的1~2年的实生苗,要求距地面5~6厘米处的直径在0.5厘米以上。芽接前10天左右,应将选定的砧木下部距地面7~8厘米以上的分枝剪去,以便于操作。
  (2)选削接穗。芽接法的接穗叫芽,为选好接穗,先要选择接穗着生的枝条。如果嫁接果树,最好从健壮、丰产、无病虫害的中年果树树冠外围部位,选取叶芽饱满的当年生的发育枝。如果嫁接花木,则应选开过花、叶芽饱满的枝条。枝条选好后,马上剪去叶片,只留叶柄。左手拿好枝条,右手持芽接刀,先在枝条上选定1个叶芽,在选定的叶芽上方0.5厘米处横切一刀,长约0.8厘米,再在叶芽下方1厘米处横切一刀,然后用刀自下端横切处紧贴枝条的木质部向上削去,一直削到上端横切处,削成一个上宽下窄的盾形芽片——接穗。为了保持接穗的湿度,可将接穗含在口里或用温布盖好。
  (3)切砧木。在砧木的北边(风大的地方要选择迎风面)距地面2~3厘米处,横切一刀,长约1厘米,深度以切断砧木皮层为度,再从横口中间向下垂直切一刀,长约1~1.2厘米,切成“T”形。然后用芽接刀骨柄挑开砧木皮层,以便插进接穗。
  (4)插接穗。用芽接刀挑开砧木上的“T”字形切口,将接穗插入切口中。插入时接穗的叶柄要朝上。插入后,要使接穗上端同“T”字形横切口对齐,如果接穗过长,可自上端切去一些。
  (5)绑缚。用塑料带或其它绑缚材料,先从接口上边绑起,逐渐往下缠,叶芽和叶柄要留在外边。
  (6)接后管理。接后3~4天要检查嫁接是否成活。如果接穗的叶柄用手轻轻一碰立即脱落,接穗皮色鲜绿,说明已经接活。如果叶柄不落,接穗干枯,就是没有接活,需要补接。成活10多天后,要将绑缚解除,以免阻碍接合部位生长。在此以后,要进行剪砧。夏季接的要在当年剪砧,秋季接的可在第二年春季发芽前剪砧。剪砧的位置是在“T”字形横口上方2厘米左右。当接穗萌发长到一定高度时,应在一旁插一支柱,将接穗枝条绑缚在支柱上,使接穗枝条直立生长,并可防止被风吹折。
  嫁接要点:
  1、绑扎时,要严、紧、密;
  2、嫁接动作要快。

回答3:

可以,如果是采回的枝条,可以用湿的毛巾包好拿回去嫁接,如果是接芽可以先放到水中保湿并防氧化。

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