说一说,明长城和秦长城的异同,最好是用表格的方式。
推荐回答(1个)
从所在位置看,明长城位于秦长城以南,或秦长城比较靠北,明长城比较靠南;从所具规模看,明长城比秦长城规模更大,或秦长城东起辽东,西到临洮,明长城东起山海关,西到嘉峪关。
明长城:
明长城为古长城大同段遗址。明代大同为九边重镇之一,战略地位十分重要。
大同明长城主要建于嘉靖年间,由宣大总督翁万达创修。大同镇长城东起天镇县东北镇口台,西至丫角山(今内蒙古清水河子上村东山),全长335公里。明长城自居庸关以西,分南北两线到山西偏关会合,被称为内、外长城。外长城即居庸关西北经赤城、崇礼、张家口、万全、怀安而进人大同市的天镇、阳高、大同、左云沿内蒙古、山西交界处,达于偏关、河曲;内长城从居庸关西南经河北易县、涞源、阜平而进人大同市的灵丘、浑源,再经应县、繁峙、神池而至老营。据现存长城实测,外长城分别由怀安县桃沟村、西洋河乡马市口南北两路进入天镇县境,在新平乐村与西路长城相交。天镇境内长城约105华里。存黄土夯筑的墩台61座。由天镇水磨口向西3里进人阳高县十九墩村界,至镇边堡西出阳高进入大同市区境。阳高境内长城计100余里,现存夯土墩台119座。从阳高镇边堡向西约8华里进人大同元墩村界,经镇川口、宏赐堡、镇羌堡,经拒墙口、拒门口、助马口至十三边,转南至砖楼沟入左云县界。另一条由宏赐堡向西经新荣、破鲁至吴施窑人左云界,这道长城当地人称“二道边”。南北两道长城共210华里。长城由大同砖楼向南进人左云县保安堡地界,至二十边向西北出左云进人右玉县界。长城在左云境内长约86华里。
以上这段长城在大同市境内约长501华里。大同市、浑源、灵丘县境内的明长城属内长城。浑源境内计160华里,灵丘境内长约190华里。明内、外长城在大同境内总长为800多华里。为山西省重点文物保护单位。 边墙五堡是指大同明长城上修建的堡城。大同镇边墙五堡有内五堡、外五堡、塞外五堡之分。通常说的“边墙五堡”是指“内五堡”,即镇边、镇川、宏赐、镇鲁、镇河五堡,均在大同城北。如今由镇边堡西经三墩、镇川口,西跨西寺梁山,抵宏赐堡这段内五堡长城,为黄土夯筑,墙体十分坚固,保存较好,城墙高5米以上,是大同市境内明长城较为突出地段,又与永固陵、万年堂邻近,是边塞风情旅游的最佳地段。登方山,越 长城,攀堡台,一条巨龙飞腾在塞上古城崇山峻岭之间,配以内堡外墩,烽堆相望,边塞风光尽收眼底,蔚为大观。
秦长城:
秦,嬴姓,开国君主为秦襄公。公元前770年,因护送周平王东迁有功,被平王封为诸侯。战国初期,秦国经济落后,又经常发生内乱,国力不强,不断遭受魏国军队的进攻。为此,秦厉共公和秦简公先后在黄河和洛水西岸修筑长城,用以自守,史称堑洛长城。《史记。秦本纪》说:厉共公"十六年(前461),堑河旁,以兵二万伐大荔,取其王城"。又说:简公六年(前409),"堑洛。城重泉"。堑,长城的别称。按《史记》所载秦厉共公和秦简公修建长城的时间推算,秦河西长城比魏河西长城早建近百年,洛河长城早于魏56年,其筑长城的目的在于防魏。堑洛长城是利用堤岸和岸边山崖改修而成,比较简单。据考证这段长城南起于陕西华阴县东南华山脚下小张村,向东北行经华阴庙东北,过沙渠河直达渭河之滨,渭河以北沿洛河南岸向西入蒲城境,再沿洛河西岸向北延伸至白水县黄龙山麓。
秦国的另一条长城,是秦昭王时期修建的西北边地长城。秦国西北部与义渠为邻。义渠是我国古代西戎族的一支,分布于岐山、梁山、泾水、漆水之北(今甘肃庆阳及泾川一带)。春秋时代,势力极强,自称为王,与秦国时战时和。秦惠文王三年(前335),义渠曾在洛地将秦军打败。为防备义渠的侵犯,秦惠文王于后元初年(前324)开始在北部边境修筑防御工事。但义渠的侵犯并未因此停止,前318年它趁六国联军伐秦之际,再次进攻秦国并取得胜利。秦惠文王后元十一年(前314)虽曾派兵讨伐义渠,只夺取数城。到了秦昭王在位时期,才设计灭残义渠,夺取其地,并筑长城以拒之。《史记。匈奴传》记载:"秦昭王时,义渠戎王与宣太后乱,有二子。宣太后诈而杀义渠戎王于甘泉,遂起兵伐残义渠。于是秦有陇西、北地、上郡,筑长城以拒胡。"秦昭王修筑这条长城的具体时间,史籍无明确记载,但据《史记。西羌列传》所载,宣太后诱杀义渠王的时间是周赧王四十三年,这一年为秦昭王三十五年,即公元前272年。据此类推,秦昭王修长城应始于昭王三十五年或稍后一些时间。至于这条长城的具体位置,据《史记》所言当在陇西、北地、上郡等三郡的外围。
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