推荐回答(5个)
根除水葫芦的方法
1、人工打捞
这个是最原始的方法了,几个人划着船到水葫芦肆虐的地方打捞,这个方法比较麻烦,如果水葫芦的面积很大那么耗费的人力也比较大。
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2、水葫芦打捞船
这个是专门用来打捞水葫芦而造的船,它的打捞速率很快,效果也很好,不会花费大量的人力,但打捞价格会比较贵,相对适用于流域面积比较大的场所。
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3、引入天敌
水葫芦的天敌是水葫芦象甲,这是一种昆虫,根据生物的捕食作用可以用它来去除水葫芦,但它起效比较慢,一般需要3-5年才能逐渐出现效果,对于需要快速出现效果的地段不太适合。
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4、实时监控
在第一条我说过只要留下一棵水葫芦它就会给你繁殖出一大片,所以实时监控水面是很重要的。实时监测水面水葫芦的生长情况,一经发现立刻打捞,绝不留下后患,这才能更好的抑制水葫芦的再次爆发。
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水葫芦也叫水浮莲、凤眠莲、水荷花等,为多年生水生杂草,通常自由漂浮水面。叶片丛生,叶柄呈海绵状葫芦体。具有有性和无性两种繁殖方式,且通常以无性繁殖为主,通过匍匐茎增殖。在适宜条件下每5天就能繁殖一新植株,也能开花结实产生种子而进行有性繁殖,穗状花序由淡紫色到绿色,一支花序大约结300粒种子,种子成熟后落入水中。种子在水中可存活520年,适宜条件下沿河岸水面波动线萌发生长。水葫芦生长的适宜温度是2830℃,一亩水面的水葫芦约有13万株,总重量达1825吨。50年前,粮食极度短缺的中国从南美引进水葫芦,广泛放养于南方乡村河塘,用作猪饲料。近10年来,告别了粮食短缺的农民不再打捞水葫芦了,同时工业化使江河湖泊水质恶化,富营养化程度提高,水葫芦因此迅速蔓延,泛滥成灾,甚至从乡村间的内河内湖“杀入”大江大河中去。
水葫芦过多会覆盖水面,如不及时清除,还会阻碍排灌,在汛期阻碍水流。浓密的水葫芦还降低了光线对水体的穿透能力,影响水底生物的生长,并增加水中二氧化碳的浓度,降低水产品产量,增加水的蒸发量,为蚊类提供适宜的滋生场所,有些学者将之列为“世界十大害草”之一。
目前防治水葫芦的方法主要用化学防治、生物防治、人工及机械打捞和综合治理等方法。化学防治方法简便,效果迅速,常用除草剂如克芜踪、草甘磷等进行防治。但除草剂对水体生态系统的破坏性大,污染环境,而且无法清除水葫芦种子,效果不能持久。生物防治法是利用植物与天敌间生态平衡的理论,从水葫芦原产地引进其天敌,使之建立种群,对水葫芦实施长期的控制。生物防治环境安全,成本低,效果持久,为国内外所重视,但缺点是见效慢,从释放天敌到获得显著的控制效果,一般需要35年甚至更长的时间。人工及机械防除方法是通过人工或机械对水葫芦进行打捞处理,见效快,但当发生面积大时,劳动强度大。同化学防治一样,人工及机械防治也难以清除水中的种子,防治效果不能持久。综合治理方法是有针对性地采用上述各项防治措施,取长补短,将水葫芦的种群数量长期控制在较低的状态下。
专家认为:目前若想有效阻止水葫芦的疯长,关键是要净化水质,消除适合其生长的环境;同时,水葫芦还具有一定的净水、阻水功能。在适宜条件下,一公顷水葫芦能将800人排放的氮、磷元素当天吸收掉。水葫芦还能从污水中除去镉、铅、汞、铊、银、钴、锶等重金属元素,从而“变废为宝”。
根据趋利避害原则,专家研究出三种综合利用水葫芦的渠道:通过发酵转化,提高水葫芦蛋白质含量,制成饲料;利用水葫芦中含有大量氮磷钾的特点,制作有机、无机复合肥;从中提取营养素,加工提炼食品、保健品、药品及饲料添加剂。
利用水葫芦净化污水是一种成本低廉、节约能源、效益较高的简便易行方法。专家表示,今后将推行利用水葫芦治理污水的模式,使污水和水葫芦都成为有价值的资源。
水上撒油,点火。烧呗,打捞一斤奖励20块钱,看看有没有人干
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