最简单的方法:
看从句前的引导词在从句中是否做成分。
引导词充当从句成分,则是定语从句,
引导词作宾语时可以省略。
不做句子成分,则是同位语从句,引导词虽不做成分,但不能省略。
比较:
The
news
that
he
has
won
the
first
prize
makes
us
excited.
that
he
has
won
the
first
prize
此句主he
谓
has
won
宾
the
first
prize都有,故that不充当成分,此句是同位语从句。
The
news
that
he
told
us
made
us
excited.
that
he
told
us
此句
主
he
谓
told
,
接双宾us
以及前面的引导词that
,故此句是宾语从句。
另外,在关系代词方面,非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,其余情况与限制性定语从句的引导词相同。
如:
指人:
who
,
whom
指物:
which
表示“....的”/
所属关系
whose
状语从句
顾名思义,
一个句子充当主句的状语
则是状语从句。
如:
When
the
teacher
came
in,
the
students
were
talking
.
When
the
teacher
came
in做主句谓语
were
talking
的时间状语,所以是状语从句。
1、状语从句不是名词性从句。
2、主从复合句中从句的作用是定语,补充说明名词等时,这样的从句就叫定语从句;同理,补充说明主语的从句叫主语从句,起到同位语作用的从句叫同位语从句,作宾语的则叫宾语从句。