《初夏即事》这首诗的大概意思是什么

2025-02-26 22:16:12
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

有人认为王安石的诗“意味较薄”,有人说他的诗“性亦不耐含蓄”,“只知巧语之为诗”。就某些诗来看,不为无理,但却不能以偏概全,如这首《初夏即事》,就颇含蓄,且意味深长。
首句“石梁茅屋有弯碕”,写岸边景物。“石梁”,即石桥。“弯碕”,借用左思《吴都赋》“左称弯碕,右号临硎”一句中词,指曲折的水岸。诗人有《弯碕》一诗说: “残暑安所逃,弯碕北窗北。”那“弯碕”的意思,与此相同,可互证。诗人这里只把“石梁”、“茅屋”和“弯碕”三种物象用有如电影的三个特写镜头一样样地介绍给读者,不加任何形容,而让读者自己去联缀成为一幅画面。这幅画面,大致是这样:一条河岸曲折的流水上,有一座石桥,临近桥头,又有茅屋数间。这一幅画面,十分简淡、空旷,没有鸟语,没有花香,没有艳丽的色彩,没有人物的活动,找不到“巧语”的痕迹。这茅屋,可能是农舍。“乡村四月闲人少”,都忙于劳动去了,所以只见茅屋而不见人。诗人没有说明,恐怕是有意给读者留下想象的空间吧?
第二句“流水溅溅度两陂”,诗人的观照由岸边而转向流水,由近及远地写溪水流淌的气势。“溅溅”,可作流水声来理解。但古乐府《木兰辞》有句云: “但闻黄河流水声溅溅”,则亦可作水疾流的样子来理解;又沈约《早发定山》诗有句云“归海流漫漫,出浦水溅溅”,亦如之。把以上两种理解合起来,也是可以的。“陂”,这里指山坡。“度两陂”的意思是说,只见溪水溅溅正向前面两座山坡流去。这一句亦没有什么奇巧,但却展现了春末夏初季节水涨流疾的情状。
第三句“晴日暖风生麦气”,诗人的观照由溪流转向田野,写其风光。对这一句,李璧引了韩诗“暖风抽宿麦,清雨卷旗归”、唐人诗“散尽平生眼中客,暖风晴日闭门居”、赵师民诗“麦天晨气润,槐夏午阴清”等来笺注。很可能诗人在写这句诗时,他人的这些诗句都涌上了心头,他加以借鉴并有所创新,写了他实在的感知。“麦气”,指日光照射麦苗时散发的草香气。“晴日暖风”,使人眼明身热,“生麦气”,使人可以意想到麦苗在日照下拔节猛长的势头。
末句“绿阴幽草胜花时”,写诗人进一步放眼远处所见及他当时的心情。前三句主要是客观的描写,情寓于景中,这一句则主要是抒发主观之情。“绿阴幽草”,是春归花谢后的初夏风光的特色。“胜花时”,是诗人独特的感受,不同于“知否,知否,应是绿肥红瘦”的感伤,不同于“困人天气日初长”的苦闷,不同于“长夏江村事事幽”的闲适,而是领悟到这初夏的自然景观比春天百花盛开时更美,更使人愉悦。诗人兴奋而情绪昂扬,语言亦极朴实。
惜春,怨春归,是我国古典诗歌中的最普遍的主题,但诗人为什么要高唱“绿阴幽草胜花时”,赞美夏天呢?这首诗未尽其意,显然留有让人思而得之的内容。刘熙《释名·释天》: “夏,假也,宽假万物使生长也。”夏与五行相配,当火。诗人之所以赞美初夏,捕捉水流疾速、“晴日暖风”、“麦气”生发和“绿阴幽草”等物象,难道不正是看中这是生长的季节,是火热的季节吗?不是由于看到了水源充足,日晴风暖,麦苗长势良好,因而感到丰收在望,大有利于国富民强吗?诗人的《歌元丰》、《后元丰行》等诗,可与此诗相印证。如果这样的思索是不错的,那么应该说,诗人表现的不是小我的一己之欢,而是关心国计民生的博大热烈的胸怀,是对四季的哲理性的审视,这能说是“意味较薄”,诗人“性亦不耐含蓄”,“只知以巧语为诗”吗?

回答2:

石梁茅屋有弯碕,流水溅溅度西陂。
晴日暖风生麦气,绿阴幽草胜花时。

【按】此诗出新意,言初夏风光胜于春。
【石梁】石桥
【弯碕】曲岸
【溅溅】流水声
【陂】池塘
石桥和茅草屋绕在曲岸旁,溅溅的流水流入西边的池塘。
晴朗的天气和暖暖的微风催生了麦子,麦子的气息随风而来。碧绿的树荫,青幽的绿草远胜春天百花烂漫的时节。

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