答辩的文学作品

2025-03-07 02:09:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

篇名:答辩
体裁:现代诗
作者:闻一多 挂彩的荣华我当不起,
没有圆光往我头上箍,
旌旗铙鼓不是我的份,
我道上不许用黄土铺。
不许矜骄镀我成金身,
我拒绝“成功”见我一面;
双手掀住挣扎的纷忙,
我对着黎明,也不要看。
锦袍的庄严交给别人,
流汗的快乐得让给我。
上帝许我纯钢的意志,
要我锤出些惨淡的歌。
可是旌旗铙鼓我不要,
我道上不用黄土来铺,
挂彩的荣华我当不起,
哪有圆光往我头上箍? 《答辩》一诗,1928年4月10日发表于《新月》第一卷第二期,它是一首正规的新格律诗。虽属闻一多写诗生涯尾声时候的作品,仍免不了“豆腐干”体的通病。
1928年3月,闻一多偕同徐志摩、饶孟侃参加了《新月》杂志的创刊。由于他远在南京,编辑事务实际上由徐志摩主持。他发表创作的新诗有《答辩》、《回来》及一些译诗。但在《新月》杂志上,远不如在《诗镌》上活跃。他参加《新月》的初衷也和办《诗镌》一样,希望继续探讨新诗的创作问题,但是这个刊物后来的倾向与他的想法相左,他就日趋沉默,但也并不想表白。  据梁实秋说:新月社“一多是参加过的,但是他的印象不太好,因为一多是比较的富于‘拉丁区’趣味的文人,而新月社的绅士趣味重些”。(《秋实杂忆》)闻一多当时的心情是厌恶政治斗争,创办《新月》诗刊时,他认为写诗可以回避政治,所以在新月派中他的活动范围亦是在诗的领域。闻一多与徐志摩等人只是在新诗形式的探索方面,有共同的爱好,就诗的领域而言,他们总的倾向也是不同的。但是,闻一多当时对中国共产党所领导的革命,对鲁迅为首的左翼文艺运动,并不理解,对当时左翼作家批判新月派的斗争,虽已感到有所震动,也并不理解,可以说当时他的心境是极其矛盾而又复杂的。正是在这样的状况下,他发表了《答辩》一诗,类似于一个学者的“宣言”,说明自己只愿流汗耕耘,黾勉所业而安贫乐道,绝不愿营营役役以博取俗世的荣誉和地位。“挂彩的荣华”、“旌旗铙鼓”都不属于“我”,头上也没有象征荣誉的“圆光”,诗人严于律己,“不许矜骄镀我成金身,我拒绝‘成功’见我一面”;只希望“双手揿住挣扎的纷忙”,乐意将“锦袍的庄严交给别人,流汗的快乐得让给我”。只愿意默默地耕耘,辛勤的劳作以锤炼自己“纯钢的意志”,耕耘劳顿之余再“锤出些惨淡的歌”以告慰自己的心灵。  回避尘世的纷纭斗争,退归田园山水之中以分享牧歌式闲暇生活。实际上,这首诗所表现的只是诗人在纷繁复杂的政治斗争中一时迷惘的情绪,并非真正的要“退隐”。诗人既失望于国家主义者的政治喧嚣,不满于新月派诸人的“纯艺术”论,又不理解共产主义运动及左翼文艺,在彷徨之中无所适从,因而只愿以“纷忙”而充实自己,完善自己。这首诗正是他复杂心境的一种表现。
就诗歌形式而言,《答辩》一首有为求格律而格律、为堆砌求整齐所显示出来的瑕疵是非常明显的,比如第一节第四行和末节第二行相比,较为典型,“我”字之多,节节皆然,帧有千斤重压之感。另外,从诗的结构而言,首末两节的意思几乎一样,只是在次序和文字上稍加调整,这种前后涵盖、呼应的手法,突出全诗的主旨,反复咏唱,效果斐然。

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