CT与核磁共振的区别是什么?性质一样吗?哪个更好?

2024-11-13 14:49:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在临床上二者各有优劣,并不是说谁比谁好;比如核磁在神经系统,软组织方面的检查要比CT清晰,但CT在骨质结构检查方面比核磁更好;在二者不相上下的检查范围内CT比MRI价格低,相当于1/2。 再次,核磁扫描切面的选择方式可以是任意的,就比如你切一个萝卜,你想怎么切都行;但是CT只能做横断面成像,就是这个萝卜你只能从一头一片一片切到另一头去;现在的多排螺旋CT因为切面层距可以很小,所以扫描后可以在计算机软件下进行三维重建,在诊断骨骼疾病(如肋骨骨折)方面比拍片直观的多。 CT(Computed Tomography),即电子计算机断层扫描,它是利用精确准直的X线束与灵敏度极高的探测器一同围绕人体的某一部位作一个接一个的断面扫描,每次扫描过程中由探测器接收穿过人体后的衰减X线信息,再由快速模 /数(A/D)转换器将模拟量转换成数字量,然后输入电子计算机,经电子计算机高速计算,得出该层面各点的X线吸收系数值,用这些数据组成图像的矩阵。再经图像显示器将不同的数据用不同的灰度等级显示出来,这样该断面的解剖结构就可以清晰的显示在监视器上,也可利用多幅相机或激光相机把图像记录在照片上。 MRI也就是核磁共振成像,英文全称是:nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, MR是一种生物磁自旋成像技术,它是利用原子核自旋运动的特点,在外加磁场内,经射频脉冲激后产生信号,用探测器检测并输入计算机,经过处理转换在屏幕上显示图像。 MR也存在不足之处。它的空间分辨率不及CT,带有心脏起搏器的患者或有某些金属异物的部位不能作MR的检查,另外价格比较昂贵。 磁共振成像是断层成像的一种,它利用磁共振现象从人体中获得电磁信号,并重建出人体信息。1946年斯坦福大学的Flelix Bloch和哈佛大学的Edward Purcell各自独立的发现了核磁共振现象。磁共振成像技术正是基于这一物理现象。1972年Paul Lauterbur 发展了一套对核磁共振信号进行空间编码的方法,这种方法可以重建出人体图像。 磁共振成像技术与其它断层成像技术(如CT)有一些共同点,比如它们都可以显示某种物理量(如密度)在空间中的分布;同时也有它自身的特色,磁共振成像可以得到任何方向的断层图像,三维体图像,甚至可以得到空间-波谱分布的四维图像。 检查目的:颅脑及脊柱、脊髓病变,五官科疾病,心脏疾病,纵膈肿块,骨关节和肌肉病变,子宫、卵巢、膀胱、前列腺、肝、肾、胰等部位的病变。 优点:1.MRI对人体没有损伤; 2.MRI能获得脑和脊髓的立体图像,不像CT那样一层一层地扫描而有可能漏掉病变部位; 3.能诊断心脏病变,CT因扫描速度慢而难以胜任; 4.对膀胱、直肠、子宫、阴道、骨、关节、肌肉等部位的检查优于CT。 缺点:1.和CT一样,MRI也是影像诊断,很多病变单凭MRI仍难以确诊,不像内窥镜可同时获得影像和病理两方面的诊断; 2.对肺部的检查不优于X线或CT检查,对肝脏、胰腺、肾上腺、前列腺的检查不比CT优越,但费用要高昂得多; 3.对胃肠道的病变不如内窥镜检查; 4.体内留有金属物品者不宜接受MRI。 5. 危重病人不能做 6.妊娠3个月内的7.带有心脏起搏器的

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