推荐回答(2个)
盆栽果树因容器的容积有限,根系受制约的程度较大,因此必须使有限的盆土具有比自然土肥力高得多,才能维持盆栽植的正常生命活动。
盆栽果树因容器的容积有限,根系受制约的程度较大,因此必须使有限的盆土具有比自然土肥力高得多,才能维持盆栽植的正常生命活动。
对盆土的要求,以果树种类品种而异。一般要求理化性质好,pH值要适宜,保肥保水透气渗水。目前常用的盆土,一是天然的营养土,如取自森林中阔叶树下的腐叶土;二是人工配制的营养土。可以就地取材,如煤渣,腐熟的木屑、腐叶土、蛭石、泥碳土及当地肥沃的园土等。具体配制的比例和方法各地可以根据具体情况而定,大致配方如下: ①煤渣5份,腐叶土3份,厩肥2份。 ②木屑5份,园土2份,厩肥3份。 ③园土1份,糠灰0.5份,厩肥0.5份。 ④园土1份,泥炭1份,糠灰1分。 ⑤腐熟马粪3分,肥沃田土3份,矿土3份。 ⑥烂树叶3份,厩肥2份,黑土5份。
培养土的各种成分混拌均匀后,进行消毒,消灭土壤中的病虫(如苹果的根腐病菌、蛴螬)和杂草种子等。常用的方法是日光曝晒和福尔马林消毒。日光曝晒就是在太阳光下曝晒,并经常翻动研碎,充分受到紫外线的照射消毒灭菌。福尔马林消毒,就是用福尔马林1公斤加水40~50公斤(加水量根据土的干湿程度而定),均匀洒在1立方米的培养土中,再用薄膜密封熏蒸消毒,密闭2天,揭开待福尔马林完全挥发后才能上盆栽植果树。另外如有条件用高压蒸气灭菌,高效无毒又理想。此外也可将土放在铁锅中加热,不断翻炒以达到消毒目的。
盆栽果树,以下情况时需要及时换盆。 ①植株大,原有的盆土已不适合植株生长的要求,必须扩大盆土容积,提高根系吸水面积,需要换上较大的盆。 ②多年生植物在盆中生长,年龄较老,根系在盆内交叉生长,互相拥挤,盘根错节,影响新根生长,吸收养分的能力显著减弱,这时需进行换盆,加上适当的肥培管理,根系作适当修剪,起到根系复壮更新,增强树体生长结果。 ③原有盆土经植株长期选择,吸收矿质养分后,使植株呈现缺素症状,或盆土物理性质变劣,通气性变坏,植株生长不良,则可利用原盆更换培养土。 ④发现根系部分有病虫害时,进行根系修整,结合防治病虫进行换盆。
换盆时间,春季、秋季均可进行。秋季应在盆栽果树秋梢停长以后,根系出现第三次生长高峰之前进行。春季,落叶果树在根系第一次开始生长前进行,常绿果树一般在梅雨期进行。换盆方法:应以不伤根或少伤根为原则。具体操作方法以盆大小而定,盆径小于40厘米的,换土时可用左手握住植株基部,右手轻拍盆壁,然后将盆脱开,双手将植株连盆土拔起。如果容器较大,或木桶栽植,最好在2天前浇透水,然后用绳束缚树冠,小心横倒缸桶,轻拍缸壁,使盆土与盆壁分离。然后一人用双手紧握缸口,另一人用力拔出植株。
修根:盆栽果树生长几年后,根系老化,密集拥挤,为了保持旺盛生长,每隔1~2年结合换盆进行修根。先清理土球,可用竹片轻轻剔除周围旧盆土,然后剪除沿盆壁生长的卷曲根,换上培养土,以复壮根系。大型种植箱一般不换盆,结合秋施基肥,切断部分根系,以利来年新根大量发生。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/6526966.htm
可参照盆景蔬菜。
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