推荐回答(3个)
在一般人们的印象中,穆桂英并不是一个真实的历史人物,只是一个传说、曲赋、戏曲、小说中的人物,认识穆桂英也大都是从“杨门女将”、“穆桂英挂帅”等戏曲中而来的。而千百年来为中国人民所传颂的杨家将群星中最为明丽动人的、让人津津乐道的倒不是杨家将的男人们,而是他们的眷属,包括折太君的七个儿媳妇——柴郡主以至七娘、女儿八姐九妹、孙媳妇穆桂英以及丫头杨排凤等等,即世俗所称的“杨门女将”,威武中夹有三分妩媚,其核心人物除折太君外,最为光彩照人的当属穆桂英。当杨家将死的死、伤的伤,隐居河东二十多年,大宋王朝无人挂帅的危难之际,穆桂英毅然接过帅印,全副武装,率领三军,以当年大破天门阵的英雄气概,浩浩荡荡奔赴前线时,人们怎能不为她那种忧国忘家、忍辱负重、勇于任事的高尚精神所感动,这其中固然与历代艺术家对这个人物的不断加工塑造有关,但也确是她自己一生行事的真实写照。
穆桂英在历史上是否实有其人?穆桂英究竟是哪里人?史无定论,但我们并不能因此而说明这个人物就肯定不存在,这里大概梳理一下杨家将的世系情况,对穆桂英这个人物作一点深入的考察。据《宋史》记载,杨家将的始祖是杨信,生活在唐末五代时期,杨信作为“火山王”,即今河曲旧县附近一带,依靠当地农民组成家兵,结堡筑城,进行反对契丹侵略中原的战争。杨信有两个儿子,长子杨业,次子杨重勋,而以他的长子杨业一支最负盛名。史书上记载杨业和折太君所生的七个儿子之中,老大杨延昭名气最大,但并不是民间传说中的“六郎”,而杨延昭的儿子是杨文广也并不是民间传说中间插上的杨宗保一代,杨业、杨延昭、杨文广才是历史上真实的杨家将祖孙三代父子。
这样杨文广的妻子便自然就是穆桂英了,前辈知名学者关于穆桂英这个名字的来源演变均有所考证过。北宋著名文学家欧阳修与杨家将生活的年代并不远,欧阳修在《杨琪墓志》中有“杨琪初娶慕容氏,又娶李氏”的记载。杨琪是杨文广的堂兄,曾因杨延昭的关系而补三班奉职,他们两家关系是很密切的,也因此当代著名史学家翦伯赞也认为杨琪既娶于慕容氏,杨文广与慕容氏联姻,自当也属可能。按所谓慕容氏,本是古代鲜卑族的大姓,两晋时期曾在黄河流域、滦河流域建立过前燕、西燕、南燕、后燕等国家,后来这些国家灭亡后,慕容氏鲜卑人不少留在当地,逐渐汉化,便多以慕容为姓氏。杨文广族出山西,以后又长期生活战斗在北方,与鲜卑后裔的慕容氏结婚并非不可能——他的祖母折太君不正是一个汉化鲜卑的女人吗?
最早的宋徽宗朝学士毛友曾撰有“折恭武公克行神道碑”叙折太君事,“考折太君,杨业妻,折德女也,墓在保德州南折窝村”;乾隆重修《保德州志》云:“折太君墓在州南四十里折窝村。《北宋纪》曰:杨业娶府州折氏,称太君”;《山西通志》又云:“保德州南四十里折窝村有折太君墓,即杨业妻,折德女也”。这里所说的保德州即今日保德县,隔黄河与陕西省府谷县相对,府州即今日府谷县,杨业之父杨信曾与“折家军”的折德同为朝臣,故得相婚姻。山西临县、离石居民至今尚盛传杨业迎娶折太君于县境之七星庙,这里有史实为证自然不虚。
穆桂英是明代熊大木小说《北宋志传》(又名《杨家将传》《杨家将演义》)和纪振伦小说《杨家府演义》中虚构的人物。后来杨家将的相关小说被改编成戏剧和电视剧,穆桂英也因此家喻户晓。
不是,是小说和说书艺人编撰的,出现在杨家将故事之中,但历史上找不到这个人物,《宋史》没有相关的记载。后世的史学家很多都认为穆桂英的原型应该是明朝时期的秦良玉。
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