任末好学中词解

解词的意思
2025-01-22 14:39:34
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

任末,字叔本,蜀郡每(今属成都市新都县)人,东汉学者和教育家,他自幼勤奋好学,年轻时与当时学者景鸾(字汉伯,梓潼人)等去都城洛阳游学。他通晓《五经》,对西汉齐人辕固生所传《诗经》特别有研究,在洛阳教授生徒达十余年。其一生事迹感人至深。

任末十四岁时,学习没有固定的教师,常背着书箱,不怕路远和险阻到处求学,有时,他在树林里搭个小茅棚住下,削树枝作笔,汲树汁当墨,晚上,他就在星月的辉映下读书,遇上没有月亮的黑夜,他便点燃麻秆、蒿草之类取光,他刻苦读书,到了中、晚年仍坚持不懈。每有心得,便写在衣服上,以免忘掉。学生们钦佩他的勤学精神,便用洗净的衣服换取他写满字的衣服,他常说:"人如果不学习,怎能有所成就呢?"

任末不仅刻苦好学,而且还以爱友尊师闻名。友人董奉德在洛阳病死,因家境贫寒无力送棺木回老家埋葬,任末便用鹿车(古时一种独轮小车)载上棺木,亲自推着送回董奉德老家的祖墓。古代风俗,人死于异乡,不能归葬祖茔,对死者或死者家属,都是一件遗恨终身的大事。任末出于对朋友的至诚,不顾路途坎坷,栉风沐雨地推车送友人尸骨还乡,这是很需要令人感佩的高行义举,由此传为美谈。

以后,任末回到家乡,蜀郡守曾聘请他做管理全郡总务的功曹史,他称病未去。不久,他的老师亡故,他又不顾路途遥远前去奔丧,竟死在奔丧途中。临死前,任末告诉陪他同行的的侄儿任造说:"你一定要把我的尸体送到老师家门,如果人死后还有知觉,我为老师奔丧尽了弟子的礼节,魂灵也不感到惭愧,如果死后没有知觉,把我埋在泥土里,我也满足了。"

任末尊师爱友的风范,对后世产生了良好的影响,晋代著名史学家常璩所著《华阳国志》一书的《先贤士女总赞》中,有"叔本慕仁"条。东晋文学家王嘉所著《拾遗记,后汉》又记载,任末临终时曾告诫学生们说"好学不倦的人,虽然死了犹如活着;不学无术的人,即使活着也只是行尸走肉罢了!"从此,"行尸走肉"便作为了一条成语,意思是可以走动的尸体,没有灵魂的肉体,多指不起作用的人,即活死人。也用以比喻庸碌无能、不求上进、无所作为、糊涂过日子的人。

作为汉代的乡土名人,以后的《新繁县志》、《新繁乡土志》都记载了任末的事迹,五四时期反封建礼教的斗士吴虞在其所作《新繁中学校歌》的第一句则写道"任先经苑起儒宗",热情地赞美了任末在中国的学术和教育上的历史功绩。
在民间还有他的勤学故事:
任末年十四时,学无常师,负笈不远险阻。每言:“人而不学,则何以成?”或依林木之下,编茅为庵,削荆为笔,克树汁为墨。夜则映星望月,暗则缕麻蒿以自照。观书有合意者,题其衣裳,以记其事。门徒悦其勤学,更以静衣易之。临终诫曰:“夫人好学,虽死犹存;不学者虽存,谓之行尸走肉耳!”
译文:
任末十四岁,学习没有固定的老师,背着书箱不怕路途遥远,危险困阻,常常说人如果不学习,那么凭什么成功呢。有时靠在林木下,编白茅为小草屋,削荆制成笔,刻划树汁作为墨。晚上就在星月下读书,昏暗(的话)就绑麻蒿来自己照亮。看得符合心意,写在他的衣服上,来记住这件事。一同求学的人十分喜欢他的勤学,更用干净的衣服交换他的脏衣服。不是圣人的话不看。快死时告诫说:“人喜欢学习,即使死了也好象活着;不学的人,即便是活着,也是庸碌无能。”

回答2:

解释词语/

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