服务器百问百答:服务器ECC技术是什么?

2025-01-25 03:44:49
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

ECC(Error Checking and Correcting错误检测与纠正,也有译为:Error Checking Code。) 执行“双位侦测,单位校验”,意思是如果发生了单位内存错误,芯片组和内存就会在你不知道的情况下立刻发现并修改这个错误。如果发生了双位内存错误,它会侦测并报告这个错误。 ECC会使计算机的性能降低约2%,现在普通内存技术已经很稳定,内存错误也很少见了,所以除非有必要,普通用户最好使用非ECC的内存。

如果你的系统准备用来做服务器或类似重要的工作,则最好使用ECC内存;如果你的计算机只是普通家用、办公或玩游戏,最好使用非ECC内存。当然,你可以买ECC内存,而在BIOS里屏蔽掉它以减少性能损失,以后若需要,再重新启用。尽管在BIOS里屏蔽了ECC校验后ECC和非ECC内存可以共存,但如果你的计算机里边已经是ECC内存,最好只使用ECC一种。

ECC内存

对于SDRAM来说,ECC的part number(零件号码)用36或72来表示,而非ECC内存为32或64。如果你买了一台计算机又不知道用的是什么类型的内存,只要数一下安装在某个DIMM上小的、黑色的IC芯片数就能区分了。芯片数能被三整除的就是ECC内存,如果不能被三整除就是非ECC内存。

回答2:

要了解ECC技术,就不能不提到Parity(奇偶校验)。在ECC技术出现之前,内存中应用最多的是另外一种技术,就是Parity(奇偶校验)。我们知道,在数字电路中,最小的数据单位就是叫“比特(bit)”,也叫数据“位”,“比特”也是内存中的最小单位,它是通过“1”和“0”来表示数据高、低电平信号的。在数字电路中8个连续的比特是一个字节(byte),在内存中不带“奇偶校验”的内存中的每个字节只有8位,若它的某一位存储出了错误,就会使其中存储的相应数据发生改变而导致应用程序发生错误。而带有“奇偶校验”的内存在每一字节(8位)外又额外增加了一位用来进行错误检测。比如一个字节中存储了某一数值(1、0、1、0、1、0、1、1),把这每一位相加起来(1+0+1+0+1+0+1+1=5)。若其结果是奇数,对于偶校验,校验位就定义为1,反之则为0;对于奇校验,则相反。当CPU返回读取存储的数据时,它会再次相加前8位中存储的数据,计算结果是否与校验位相一致。当CPU发现二者不同时就作出视图纠正这些错误,但Parity有个缺点,当内存查到某个数据位有错误时,却并不一定能确定在哪一个位,也就不一定能修正错误,所以带有奇偶校验的内存的主要功能仅仅是“发现错误”,并能纠正部分简单的错误。

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