推荐回答(3个)
樱花妩媚多姿,繁花似锦,为公园、庭院重要的观赏花木,我国栽培樱花已有2 000多年的历史。樱花别名山樱花、山樱桃、福岛樱、青肤樱,为蔷薇科、李属落叶乔木,如任其自然生长,株高可达25米。樱花可分单瓣和复瓣两类。单瓣类能开花结果,果实的颜色有红、紫、黄三种,分别称朱樱、紫樱、蜡樱。复瓣类多为重瓣,一般不结果。世界上种植樱花以日本最盛,800个品种的樱花、日本就占去一半。日本樱花分为两大类五个系:山樱类(野生)有山樱和彼岸樱二系,花多为单瓣;里樱类有里樱、染井吉野(吉野)樱、早樱三个系,花多为重瓣,如日本的“菊樱花”的花瓣竟有300多片。
樱花常见的主要栽培品种有:
(1)山樱花:多野生,花朵小,单瓣,白色或粉红色,花梗及花尊无毛。
(2)毛樱花:外形基本同山樱花,但其叶、柄、花尊均有毛。
(3)重辨白樱花:花白色,重瓣,为主要栽培品种。
(4)重瓣红樱花:花粉红色,重瓣。
(5)红白樱花:花淡红色,重瓣。
(6)瑰丽樱花:花淡红色,直瓣,花朵大而且花梗长。
(7)垂枝樱花:花粉红色,重瓣,花枝张开而下垂。
樱花春天萌芽抽枝,其嫩叶的颜色因品种有较大的差异,从红褐色(即古铜色)至淡绿色均有。随着叶龄增加,樱花成熟叶片均会变为绿色。
樱花成熟叶片具有浓绿色光泽,背面呈淡绿色。叶片的大小与品种、着生枝条的类型及树体营养有关。例如‘内里樱’、‘日本早樱’品种叶片较小,一般长6~11厘米;‘阳光’、‘飞寒樱’品种生长势强,叶片较大,长可达15厘米。同一品种不同的枝条类型,其叶片的大小也不同。一般着生在短花枝、束状花枝上的叶片较小且大小差异较大,而发育枝、长花枝上的叶片较大。在进行樱花品种性状记载时,我们一般选取发育枝上的叶片进行登记记载。另外,树体营养状况较好的叶片均大于树体营养状况较差的叶片。
樱花的叶形也因品种而异,从窄椭圆形到倒卵形均有。如‘重瓣寒绯樱’的叶为窄椭圆形叶,几乎趋于披针形;‘初美人’的叶为卵形;‘启翁樱’的叶为倒卵形。
樱花叶柄基部常长有若干蜜腺体,在生长旺盛季节蜜腺体能不断地向外分泌透明的蜜汁,以后随着蜜腺体的老化,蜜汁的排出量也逐渐减少直至停止。有人认为腺体的颜色与其果实的颜色有一定的相关性(对结实品种而言)。叶柄蜜腺体的数量因品种而异,一般1~3个,多的可达6个,如‘梅护寺数珠挂樱’品种。
许多分析结果表明,樱花叶片中含有多种大量和微量营养元素,这些营养元素与樱花树体生长开花有着密切的关系。不同部位的叶片其营养元素含量常有显著的不同,树冠顶部叶片的钾、钙、锌、锰、硼和铁的含量少于树冠下部叶片,而中部叶片含有较多的磷和少量的镁。
樱花妩媚多姿,繁花似锦,为公园、庭院重要的观赏花木,我国栽培樱花已有2 000多年的历史。樱花别名山樱花、山樱桃、福岛樱、青肤樱,为蔷薇科、李属落叶乔木,如任其自然生长,株高可达25米。樱花可分单瓣和复瓣两类。单瓣类能开花结果,果实的颜色有红、紫、黄三种,分别称朱樱、紫樱、蜡樱。复瓣类多为重瓣,一般不结果。世界上种植樱花以日本最盛,800个品种的樱花、日本就占去一半。日本樱花分为两大类五个系:山樱类(野生)有山樱和彼岸樱二系,花多为单瓣;里樱类有里樱、染井吉野(吉野)樱、早樱三个系,花多为重瓣,如日本的“菊樱花”的花瓣竟有300多片。
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