推荐回答(1个)
梁武帝对佛教的贡献主要有以下几个方面。
一、完善戒规,整肃僧纪
梁武帝作为一代帝王,不仅自己信奉佛教,而且他还根据佛教典籍逐步完善佛教戒规。同时,他还邀请精通戒律的高僧修订有关戒规,然后以皇帝的权威发号施令,要求所有僧侣遵照执行。武帝自信佛以后,道念日坚。曾作一篇《净业赋》在佛前宣读,发愿内净其心外净其行。可见作为帝王的梁武帝已经在带头按照佛教戒条的要求吃素修行了。梁武帝不仅主张素食,而且还进一步提出了禁酒的主张。他颁布《断酒肉文》,并下令全国僧侣必须遵照执行,凡有违犯者,依佛教有关戒条治罪。他不仅让僧侣遵照执行,而且他自己也断除酒肉。此后,梁武帝不着革履,不食酒肉。日唯一食,食止菜蔬。南梁天监十一年,梁武帝下诏,禁在祭祀中宰杀牲畜,改用面点、果蔬祭祀。
梁武帝不仅自己亲自制定有关的佛教戒规,而且他还邀约国内精通戒律的高僧,根据佛教戒律精神制定出有关的戒规来规范僧侣的行为。他在位时任《十诵》名家法超为都邑僧正,并欲自为白衣僧正。命法超撰《出要律仪》十四卷,分发境内,通令照行。
梁武帝亲自参与有关戒规的制定,同时还让戒律高僧制定适合当时形势的戒规,并以王权的形式要求遵照执行,这对整肃梁朝僧人的道风,维护佛教的纯洁起到了重要作用。
二、著述讲经,创制忏仪
梁武帝对佛教的信仰和支持表现在他直接研究经典、讲经说法、补充忏仪等方面。他在位期间过着在家居士的生活,并且花费大量时间从事佛教研究和著述,特别对《般若经》、《维摩诘经》研究最多,所著《立神明成佛义记》,利用中国传统的灵魂观念论述修行解脱问题,将佛性解释为“神明”,认为通过断除情欲的修行使它达到清净,便可达到解脱。梁武帝对佛教义学也很有研究,对《般若经》、《涅槃经》、《法华经》等尤为重视。梁武帝还积极从事佛教撰述,阐述其独特的佛学观。
梁武帝不仅从事佛学研究与著述,而且他为了向更多的人宣扬佛法,还亲自登台讲经。中大通三年(531)十月,梁武帝到同泰寺讲《大般涅槃经》,同年十一月又去讲《摩诃般若波罗蜜心经》。他的讲经法会,听众经常成千上万。他于中大通五年(533)在同泰寺讲《金字摩诃般若经》时,与会的高僧有千人,其他信徒则达三十万人。梁武帝还经常启建各种法会,他在普通六年(525)于同泰寺开过“千僧会”。中大通元年(529),他曾开设四部无遮大会,参加者有道俗五万余人。
梁武帝不仅热衷于研究著述,而且对佛教经忏佛事的发展也做出了重要贡献。他对佛教忏法的贡献之一是他组织僧人根据经典创制了《梁皇忏》。《梁皇忏》,又称为《梁武忏》、《梁皇宝忏》,是南朝时梁武帝为了超度其夫人郗氏所制的《慈悲道场忏法》。
三、建寺布施,护持佛教
梁武帝即位后的第二年,宣布放弃道教信仰,改宗佛教。他认为老子之教是邪法,他归依佛教是弃迷知返,归依正觉。他还在宫中重云殿的重阁上写了《舍事道法诏》,有二万多道俗参加了这一仪式。从此,他以佛教为国教,积极扶持佛教的发展,使梁代佛教在南朝达到了鼎盛。梁武帝是虔诚的佛教信徒,他把梁朝当成他佛化治国的乐土。史载,梁武帝大造佛寺、佛像,建爱敬、智度、新林、法王、仙窟、光宅、解脱、开善等寺院。
梁武帝除了以建寺的方式护持佛教以外,他还通过各种方式向寺院布施。他向寺院捐资非常慷慨,经常一次就能捐资千万以上。不仅如此,梁武帝还先后四次出家同泰寺,每次出家,都由朝廷出重金向寺院布施将他赎回。通过这种方式,梁武帝为寺院又捐助了大量资金。这就是作为皇帝的梁武帝为护持佛教所做的贡献。梁武帝通过建寺、布施等方式,支持佛教事业的发展,使梁代的佛教事业空前兴盛。
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