推荐回答（3个）
环境描写主要有以下作用：
①渲染营造某种氛围,为后边内容作铺垫
②交代人物身份,表现人物性格.
③衬托人物心理.
④象征和暗示.
⑤交代人物活动场所.
⑥展开、推动故事情节.
短篇小说孔乙己中环境描写的作用：
一展示人物活动场所
人物的行动,总是在一定场合进行的.《孔乙己》开头交待了鲁镇酒店的格局：曲尺形的大柜台,温酒的习惯.然后又介绍了喝酒的人群,并把喝酒的人分为在柜台前站着喝酒的短衣帮和在屋里慢慢坐着喝酒的穿长衫的两大类.这样就人生活动的场合及人物身份和盘托出,人物活动和场所就固定在了酒店里.小小一个酒店,几乎囊括了社会上三六九等的人,各种角色的人物纷纷登场亮相,唱念做打.可以说酒店虽小,却是社会这个大舞台的缩影,折射出整个社会的世态人情.
二揭示产生人物性格的社会基础
人物性格是在他生活的那个特定环境中形成和发展的.孔乙己生活在一个冷酷无情的环境之中,短衣帮经常对他进行嘲讽和侮辱,他的所作所为得不到人们的理解和同情.因此他经常以读书人自居,满口"之乎者也",不屑与短衣帮为伍.当有人问他"你当真认识字么",他"显出不屑置辩的神气",正是大家对他卖弄"学问"的嘲讽,他才向小伙计兜售自己广博的"学识"教"茴"字的写法.为何短衣帮如此不近人情,对和自己地位差不多的孔乙己任意取笑呢?是由于封建统治统治阶级的愚民政策和封建等级观念、封建礼教在人们心中根深蒂固,造成了人们的麻木不仁怎么势利,他们对强者敬畏,对弱者却肆意凌辱.鲜明地展示了人物性格的社会基础.
三揭示决定人物行动的因素
人物周围的环境决定了人物对客观生活的认识和对现实采取的态度.《孔乙己》中写孔乙己偷到了丁举人家里,结果被打折了腿.丁举人有权有势,凶残狠毒；孔乙己常到酒店喝酒,听众人闲聊,对丁举人的为人是不会不知道的,那么是什么原因促使孔乙己贫困潦倒,得不到人们的同情、救济,不会营生的他已经到了穷途末路,再也过不下去了,才偷到丁举人家里.在被逼无奈的情况下才冒险而为之的.正是社会环境的冷酷无情促使孔乙作出了这样别无选择的选择,悲惨地向着死亡的坟墓走去.
四预示人物的悲惨命运
《孔乙己》全文洋溢着欢乐的氛围,哄笑之声迭起,但表现的却是一场令人心酸痛楚的悲剧.王夫之说："以乐景写哀,以哀景写乐,倍增其哀乐." 《孔乙己》中只要孔乙己一到店,他就成了大家取笑的对象,"店内外充满了快活的空气",以大家的笑反衬孔乙己处境的悲惨,显得更为哀痛感人.短衣帮麻木不仁对孔乙己没有同情怜悯,相反却拿不幸者的痛苦作为笑料来寻求片刻的欢乐；掌柜的唯利是图,自私卑劣,在孔乙己打折腿之后,念念不忘的是"孔乙己还欠十九个钱呢",仍在拿他开心.孔乙己是这样一个多余的人,生活在这样一个冷酷无情的环境之中,得不到社会的理解,处在孤立无援的悲惨环境中,其悲剧的必然性也就不言而喻了.在这里,作者把批判的矛头直指腐朽黑暗的封建制度,显示了其非凡的洞察力和强烈的批判精神.
满意请采纳
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