野鸭子怎么把毛去干净

野鸭子怎么把毛去干净
2025-02-07 01:04:37
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

将鸟置于桌上,胸部向上,头部向左。分开胸部的羽毛,露出裸毛区,由胸龙骨前部的凹陷处开口,沿皮肤直剖至胸龙骨中央。开口长度应比鸟的胸宽稍大。初学者开口可适当加大一些,但不宜过大,过大在后期缝合整形时不好处理。开口的前端应露出颈部,然后用解剖刀沿鸟胸部的皮肤和肌肉之间剥离,直剥至胸部两侧的腋下。在剥皮的过程中要经常撒一些石膏粉在皮肤内侧和肌肉上,以防止羽毛被血液和脂肪沾污。

  向前,用解剖刀将鸟的嗉囊与皮肤分开,并露出颈部。用手握住鸟的头部,使鸟的颈部向腹面弯曲,再用剪刀在靠近胸部处将鸟的颈部及食管、气管一起剪断。这时应注意:①要把颈部与皮肤完全分开后再剪,勿将颈部皮肤剪破。②如有血污要及时撒上石膏粉,不要使血污污染皮肤。③最好不要把嗉囊弄破,如不小心将嗉囊弄破时,就要及时将鸟体拿起,将嗉囊中的食物剥出,勿使食物污染羽毛。

  将鸟体翻转,使背部向上,然后把头部和颈部翻向背上,沿皮肤将鸟的背部剥离,露出两肩。

  继续剥离两翅的肱骨处。将肱骨上的肌肉去掉,并在肩关节处将肱骨与鸟体分离。

  继续向背部剥离,直至腰部。在剥腰部时要背腹面同时进行,当两腿显露时,要将皮肤一直剥至跗蹠骨之间的关节处,去掉胫骨上的肌肉,并在胫骨上端关节处剪开,使胫骨与鸟体分离。

  向尾部剥离时,剥至泄殖孔时要用刀把直肠基部剪断;剥至尾部时要将尾脂与皮肤完全分离,并用剪刀在尾综骨末端剪断。剪断后内侧皮肤呈“V”字形,注意不要把尾羽的羽轴根剪断,以防止尾羽脱落。这时躯体肌肉与皮肤已完全分离。

  随后进行翼部皮肤的剥离,先将肱骨拉出直剥至尺骨。在剥尺骨时,因翼部飞羽轴根牢固的生在尺骨上,要用手指紧贴羽轴根将翼部皮肤与尺骨完全分离,一直剥至腕骨,然后将尺骨桡骨上的肌肉全部清除干净。

  在做展翅标本时,就不能用上述方法剥离两翅。因为把尺骨上的羽根与尺骨分离后,在展翅时,飞羽失去支撑就会下垂,无法使飞羽张开。因此在做展翅标本时,要在尺骨内侧切开皮肤,将尺骨、桡骨上附着的肌肉去除后,再沿皮肤切口缝合。

  两翅剥离后,最后进行头部的剥离。先拉颈部,使颈部的皮肤向头部翻过,逐渐剥离露出枕骨。这时在枕骨两侧会出现呈灰褐色的耳道,用解剖刀紧靠耳道基部将其割断,或用尖头镊子沿耳道基部将其拉出。再向前剥去,两侧会出现暗黑部分,这就是鸟的眼球,用解剖刀把眼睑边缘薄膜割开,用镊子将眼球取出(注意不要割破眼球和眼睑),同时观察虹膜颜色以备安装义眼时按此着色。

  在枕孔周围,用剪刀将枕孔扩大,并剪下颈部。同时沿下颌骨两内侧剪开肌肉,拉出鸟舌,将头部肌肉剔除干净。用镊子从扩大的枕孔中伸进颅腔;夹住脑膜把脑取出。这样,整个剥离过程就完成了。

  有些鸟类。如啄木鸟、鸭等头大颈细,头部骨骼无法从颈部皮肤中翻出时,可先剪除颈项,然后从外部沿枕部剖开一小口(大小视鸟头大小而定)将头骨从小口中翻出,挖出耳道、去除眼球肌肉等。做完除腐处理,安装完义眼后,再将小口缝合即可。

  鸟体剥好后应再检查一遍,将附在皮肤上的肌肉、脂肪等清除干净,刷去剥制过程中撒在皮肤上的石膏粉,缝合在剥离过程中不小心割破的皮肤(从内面缝)

鸟类躯体经剥皮后,其皮肤内侧必须马上进行防腐处理。在防腐处理过程中,逐渐将把有羽毛的一侧翻回到体表,恢复原形。防腐及复原步骤如下:

  首先在眼窝、脑颅腔、下颌部分涂上三氧化二砷防腐膏(砒霜膏),用两团如同眼球一样大小的棉球填入眼眶,并在适当的位置上装好义眼,再在颈部皮肤内侧用毛笔刷上防腐膏,逐步把头部翻转过来(注意不要强拉,以免颈项部羽毛脱落)。

  其次,在两脚胫骨上涂上防腐膏,并在胫骨上缠上棉花,上大下小。和原来小腿上的肌肉一样;同时在小腿内侧、尾部、两翅内侧等部位全部涂遍防腐膏后,即可将其皮肤完全翻回原样。

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