推荐回答(5个)
商鞅是法家的代表人物,他开辟了秦国依法治国的根基,他的想法也影响了后期2000年左右的王朝。
当时说秦暴政,其实也因为法律过于苛刻,5家联户,又一家犯罪其他4家不举报就连坐,可见刑法的残酷。
但是换个角度讲,国民没那个素质,又逢乱世,法家思想对秦国是有副作用的猛药,如果在7雄并立的初期,商鞅的方法非常好,等统一天下了老秦头应该一改法家思想 应用仁政的道家黄老之学,可惜他没怎么办。
商鞅的20级军功制对秦国帮助很大,想要土地 要钱 好办,拿敌人的头来换,所以各个国家都怕打仗,唯独秦国的虎狼之师一听打仗眼睛都红,那外面跑的不是敌人啊~那是一根根的金条啊,杀敌尤为勇猛。所以这对老百姓是件好事,安居才能乐业,有这样的部队,谁敢没事招惹秦国呢
对人民从微观上说不好,因为严刑峻法,从宏观上说,发展了国家的经济,促进秦国的强大,从而使人民富强。
按商鞅变法的内容分析
(1)编制户口,加强刑罚 (有利于加强中央集权)
(2)鼓励发展农业,奖励生产(有利于秦国经济的发展)
(3)奖励军功,取消世卿世禄制(有利于国家军队战斗力的提高,同时,触犯了旧奴隶主贵族的利益)
(4)废井田,开阡陌,承认土地私有(确立地主阶级统治最为关键的一项,以法律形式正式确立土地私有制,这点对人民比较好)
(5)推行县制,由国君直接派官吏治理。(有利于国家治理,不易出现官官相护,买官买官之现象。县制也有利于急民之所急···)
(6) 整顿秦国社会风俗,强制推行一夫一妻的小家庭制度(这点肯定是有利的,男女平等)并规定父子及成年兄弟不得同居一室(这也是有利的,社会伦理道德的体现),到成年还不分家的,加倍征收户口税
(8)编订户口,五家为伍,十家为什,相互监督,一家犯法,邻里如不告发,则十家连坐。(连坐制对人民很不利,一人犯罪牵连全家,这也是有利有弊,也是因为这,商鞅自己变法害死了自己) 商鞅变法的好坏不能直面说是好还是坏,在那个时期,推出变法就是先进。
那要看你是支持人治还是法制?商鞅认为什么东西都应该设立标准和框架的,并配有奖励和惩罚措施。就像连坐制度,你很难说他是对的还是错的。当你拥有权力和财物的同时,你身边的人或多或少都会分享到和受益到。就是所谓的一人得道,鸡犬升天,所以当他受罚的时候,周边人也不能幸免。但只要有人治,就必然有特权。一切的标准都取决于主观地判断。就会产生有宪法,无宪政的局面,因为总有高于一切标准的特权存在。别人又怎么能信服。对一个国家而言,用虚无的道德标准去约束大众,肯定不如用标准鲜明的法制约束来的实际。
商鞅是以法治为主。所以对人民实行连坐什么制度。而且酷刑很多。
对国家发展倒是很大的促进作用,比如:废井田、重农桑、奖军功、实行统一度量和郡县制等一整套变法求新。结果就是秦国强大,实力超过六国。
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