植物常见的病虫害有哪些???

2024-12-14 07:13:09
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

植物病害合虫害是有区别的,需要对症下药才能养好!

回答2:

1.棉铃虫,鳞翅目,夜蛾科 ,广泛分布在中国及世界各地,中国棉区和蔬菜种植区均有发生。黄河流域棉区、长江流域棉区受害较重。近年来,新疆棉区也时有发生。寄主植物有30多科200余种。棉铃虫是棉花蕾铃期重要钻蛀性害虫,主要蛀食蕾、花、铃,也取食嫩叶 。

2.东方果实蝇,原产于印度及马来半岛等地,为太平洋地区果树的重大害虫。

3.美国白蛾,又名美国灯蛾、秋幕毛虫、秋幕蛾,属鳞翅目灯蛾科,是世界性检疫害虫。 主要危害果树行道树观赏树木,尤以阔叶树危害严重,对农作物林木果树等造成了严重的危害,目前已被列入我国首批外来入侵物种。

4.蚜虫,又称腻虫、蜜虫,是一类植食性昆虫,包括蚜总科(又称蚜虫总科,学名:Aphidoidea)下的所有成员。目前已经发现的蚜虫总共有10个科约4400种,其中多数属于蚜科。

蚜虫也是地球上最具破坏性的害虫之一。 其中大约有250种是对于农林业和园艺业危害严重的害虫。蚜虫的大小不一,身长从一到十毫米不等。

5.蝗虫,俗称“蚂蚱”,属直翅目,包括蚱总科、蜢总科、蝗总科的种类,全世界有超过10,000种,我国有1000余种,分布于全世界的热带、温带的草地和沙漠地区。

蝗虫主要包括飞蝗和土蝗。在我国飞蝗有东亚飞蝗、亚洲飞蝗和西藏飞蝗3种,其中东亚飞蝗在我国分布范围最广,为害最严重,是造成我国蝗灾的最主要飞蝗种类,主要危害禾本科植物,是农业害虫。

扩展资料:

害虫分类:

1.食叶类害虫

大多取食树木及草坪叶片,猖獗时能将叶片吃光,削弱树势,并为天牛、小蠹虫等蛀干害虫侵入提供适宜条件,既影响植物的正常生长,又降低植物的美化功能和观赏价值。此类害虫主要有鳞翅目的袋蛾、刺蛾、大蚕蛾、尺蛾、螟蛾、枯叶蛾、舟蛾、美国白蛾、国槐尺蛾、凤蝶类,鞘翅目的叶甲,膜翅目的叶蜂等。

2.刺吸式害虫

刺吸式害虫是园林植物害虫中较大的一个类群。它们个体小,发生初期往往受害状不明显,易被人们忽视,但数量极多,常群居于嫩枝、叶、芽、花蕾、果上,汲取植物汁液,掠夺其营养,造成枝叶及花卷曲,甚至整株枯萎或死亡。同时诱发煤污病,有时害虫本身是病毒病的传播媒介。

此类害虫主要有蚜虫类、介壳虫类、粉虱类、木虱类、叶蝉类、蝽象类、蓟马类、叶螨类等。

3.蛀食性害虫

蛀食性害虫生活隐蔽,天敌种类少,个体适应性强,是园林植物的一类毁灭性害虫。它们以幼虫蛀食树木枝干,不仅使输导组织受到破坏而引起植物死亡,而且在木质部内形成纵横交错的虫道,降低了木材的经济价值。

此类害虫主要有鳞翅目的木蠹蛾科、透翅蛾科、鞘翅目的天牛科、小蠹科、吉丁甲科、象甲科、膜翅目的树蜂科、等翅目的白蚁等。

4.地下害虫

地下害虫主要栖息于土壤中,取食刚发芽的种子、苗木的幼根、嫩茎及叶部幼芽,给苗木带来很大危害,严重时造成缺苗、断垄等。此类害虫种类繁多,主要有直翅目的蝼蛄、蟋蟀,鳞翅目的地老虎,鞘翅目的蛴螬、金针虫,双翅目的种蝇等。

参考资料

百度百科-害虫

回答3:

分作物、蔬菜、花卉、果树几类,不知道你具体想知道哪种?稻瘟病、玉米大小斑、小麦全蚀病、小麦纹枯病、小麦根腐病、苹果锈病、白粉病、螨类、玉米螟、白粉虱、菜青虫、韭蛆、根结线虫、潜叶蝇等等
简单说病害分为四类:真菌类、细菌类、病毒类、生理病害
虫害分为:鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目等等

回答4:

白粉 霉污 炭疽

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