推荐回答(1个)
Linux上的heartbeat双机热备服务架设
【一】 安装前环境设定
两台主机硬件环境(不必完全一致):
CPU: Xeon 3G *2 (EM64T)
MEM: 2G
NIC: Intel 1G *2
eth0: 对外IP
eth1: 对内IP(HA专用)
两台主机的eth1使用双机对联线直接连接。
分区方式:
Filesystem 容量 挂载点
/dev/sda2 9.7G /
/dev/sda6 45G /Datas
/dev/sda1 99M /boot
none2.0G /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 9.7G /opt
另外每台主机应预留500M的raw空间或者更多来作为共用空间被HA使用。
操作系统:
RedHat Enterprise 4 Update2 (2.6.9-22 EL)
预安装软件:
@ X Window System
@ GNOME Desktop Environment
@ KDE Desktop Environment
@ Editors
@ Engineering and Scientific
@ Graphical Internet
@ Text-based Internet
@ Authoring and Publishing
@ Server Configuration Tools
@ Development Tools
@ Kernel Development
@ X Software Development
@ GNOME Software Development
@ KDE Software Development
@ Administration Tools
@ System Tools
【二】安装前网络环境设定:
node1: 主机名:servers201 ( HA01 )
eth0: 192.168.10.201 //对外IP地址
eth1: 10.0.0.201 //HA心跳使用地址
node2: 主机名:servers202 ( HA02 )
eth0: 192.168.10.202 //对外IP地址
eth1: 10.0.0.202 //HA心跳使用地址
特别注意要检查以下几个文件:
/etc/hosts
/etc/host.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
/etc/nsswitch.conf
#vi /etc/hosts
node1的hosts内容如下:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.10.201 servers201 HA01
10.0.0.201 HA01
10.0.0.202 HA02
192.168.10.202 server202
node2的hosts内容如下:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.10.202 servers202 HA02
10.0.0.202 HA02
10.0.0.201 HA01
192.168.10.201 server201
#cat /etc/host.conf
order hosts,bind
#cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 61.139.2.69 //DNS地址
#cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=servers201 //主机名
GATEWAY="192.168.10.1" //网关
GATEWAY="eth0" //网关使用网卡
ONBOOT=YES //启动时加载
FORWARD_IPV4="yes" //只允许IPV4
#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.10.201
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.10.1
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
#cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=10.0.0.201
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
TYPE=Ethernet
[node1] 与 [node2] 在上面的配置中,除了
/etc/hosts
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
要各自修改外,其他一致。
配置完成后,试试在各自主机上ping对方的主机名,应该可以ping通:
/root#ping HA02
PING HA02 (10.0.0.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from HA02 (10.0.0.202): icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.198 ms
64 bytes from HA02 (10.0.0.202): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.266 ms
64 bytes from HA02 (10.0.0.202): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.148 ms
--- HA02 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.148/0.204/0.266/0.048 ms, pipe 2
【三】安装HA 与HA依赖包
rpm -Uvh libnet-1.1.2.1-1.rh.el.um.1.i386.rpm //可以不装
rpm -Uvh heartbeat-pils-2.0.4-1.el4.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh heartbeat-stonith-2.0.4-1.el4.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh heartbeat-2.0.4-1.el4.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh ipvsadm-1.24-5.i386.rpm
【四】 配置 HA的各配置文件
配置心跳的加密方式:authkeys
#vi /etc/ha.d/authkeys
如果使用双机对联线(双绞线),可以配置如下:
#vi /etc/hc.d/authkeys
auth 1
1 crc
存盘退出,然后
#chmod 600 authkeys
配置心跳的监控:haresources
#vi /etc/ha.d/haresources
各主机这部分应完全相同。
server201 IPaddr::192.168.10.200 ipvsadm httpd
指定 server201调用ipvsadm启动http服务,系统附加一个虚拟IP 192.168.10.200 给eth0:0
这里如果server201宕机后,server202可以自动启动http服务,并新分配IP 192.168.10.200给server202的eth0:0
配置心跳的配置文件:ha.cf
#vi /etc/ha.d/ha.cf
logfile /var/log/ha_log/ha-log.log ## ha的日志文件记录位置。如没有该目录,则需要手动添加
bcast eth1 ##使用eth1做心跳监测
keepalive 2 ##设定心跳(监测)时间时间为2秒
warntime 10
deadtime 30
initdead 120
hopfudge 1
udpport 694 ##使用udp端口694 进行心跳监测
auto_failback on
node server201 ##节点1,必须要与 uname -n 指令得到的结果一致。
node server202 ##节点2
ping 192.168.10.1 ##通过ping 网关来监测心跳是否正常。
respawn hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail
apiauth ipfail gid=root uid=root
debugfile /Datas/logs/ha_log/ha-debug.log
设置ipvsadm的巡回监测
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.10.200:80 -s rr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.10.200:80 -r 192.168.10.201:80 -m
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.10.200:80 -r 192.168.10.202:80 -m
执行后进行监测:
#ipvsadm --list
如果返回结果与下相同,则设置正确。
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.0 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.10.200:http rr
-> server202:http Local 1 0 0
-> server201:http Masq 1 0 0
【五】 HA服务的启动、关闭以及测试
启动HA: service heartbeat start
关闭HA; service heartbeat stop
系统在启动时已经自动把heartbeat 加载了。
使用http服务测试 heartbeat
首先启动httpd服务
#service httpd start
编辑各自主机的测试用html文件,放到/var/www/html/目录下。
启动node1的heartbeat,并执行这个指令进行监控: heartbeat status
【六】 防火墙设置
heartbeat 默认使用udp 694端口进行心跳监测。如果系统有使用iptables 做防火墙,应记住把这个端口打开。
#vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
加入以下内容
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 694 -d 10.0.0.201 -j ACCEPT
意思是udp 694端口对 对方的心跳网卡地址 10.0.0.201 开放。
#service iptables restart
重新加载iptables。
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