推荐回答（1个）
1、你的猜测是正确的。因为with ease 是一个搭配。通常做状语“容易地”“不费力地”。这句话的意思是说，多孔性不等同于渗透性，它衡量的是水穿过某个物质流动的难易程度。
the ease with which water can flow through a material。这个从句中，which是关系代词，代替就是前面的the ease。正常的顺序是： water can flow through a material with ease。（水能轻易的穿过某个材料）注意的是,一般使用这个搭配时，ease前是没有the的，但是因为我们现在讨论的这个句子是特指，ease后面接一个定语从句，所以前面要加the。
2、as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes. 这句中的as是关系代词，在这个从句中做主语，它代指的是前面整个一句话，即Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees。如果用普通的结构来说的话，就是that Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.其意思是说：风速随着高度而增加，会对树木造成严重影响，这可以从树木高处变形后的形状得到证明。
希望我的回答让你满意！
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