求高中化学常见的跟足量,少量,过量有关的化学方程式。 注意,是与量有关的常见且重化学方程式

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2025-02-07 04:52:43
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

比较多,举几个例子吧:
1、铁(少量、过量)与稀硝酸的反应 Fe+4HNO3(稀)=Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O 2Fe(NO3)3+Fe=3Fe(NO3)2 3Fe+8HNO3(稀)=3Fe(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O 2、铜与硝酸(浓变稀)反应 Cu+4HNO3(浓)=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2 ↑+2H2O 3Cu+8HNO3(稀)=3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O 3、锌与硫酸(浓变稀)反应 Zn+2H2SO4(浓)=ZnSO4+SO2 ↑+2H2O Zn+H2SO4(稀)=ZnSO4+ H2 ↑ 注意:常常结合定量计算考查硫酸的性质。 4、溴化亚铁溶液与氯气(少量、过量)的反应 6FeBr2+3Cl2=2FeCl3+4FeBr3 2FeBr3+3Cl2=2FeCl3+3Br2 2FeBr2+3Cl2=2FeCl3+2Br2 注意:该反应是离子方程式书写和定量判断产物的热点。 5、碘化亚铁溶液与氯气(少量、过量)的反应 FeI2+Cl2=FeCl2+I2 2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3 2FeI2+3Cl2=2FeCl3 +2I2 6、碘化亚铁溶液与溴水(少量、过量)的反应 FeI2+Br2=FeBr2+I2 2FeBr2+Br2=2FeBr3 2FeI2+3Br2=2FeBr3+2I2 7、硫化钾溶液与碘单质(少量、过量)的反应 K2S+I2=2KI+S↓ KI+ I2=KI3 8、硫单质(少量、过量)与浓氢氧化钠溶液的反应 3S+6NaOH(浓)= 2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O Na2S+(x-1)S=Na2Sx 9、氯水与亚硫酸钠(少量、过量)溶液的反应 Na2SO3+Cl2+H2O=2NaCl+H2SO4 H2SO4+ Na2SO3=Na2SO4+H2O+SO2 ↑ 10、溴水与亚硫酸钠(少量、过量)溶液的反应 Na2SO3+Br2+H2O=2NaBr+H2SO4 H2SO4+ Na2SO3=Na2SO4+H2O+SO2 ↑

回答2:

我说类型,第一,可逆反应,不能反应完全的物质要过量,易获取的量多,让反应向有利方向移动。如3H2+N2=2NH3可逆号!这里氮气多,氢气少点。第二,随反应进行停止的一类,氯气的制备等浓酸条件反应,第三,有后续反应的物质反应。考虑要得到的产物,控制量。象强氧化性的硝酸,强还原性的金属参与的,这些看问题咋说,第四,反应条件要求,要啥就啥过量。建议你先对常见物质的性质进行分类,记忆现成东西不好用

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