气态氢化物的稳定性指热稳定性吗? 该如何判断其稳定性?
推荐回答(4个)
气态氢化物的稳定性是指气态氢化物受热是否易于分解的性质。
变化规律如下:
同周期元素,从左到右,元素的气态氢化物的稳定性逐渐增强;同主族元素,从上到下,元素的气态氢化物的稳定性逐渐减弱。
常见的例子有气态氢化物的稳定性。其稳定性大小规律是:元素的非金属性越强,气态氢化物越稳定;在元素周期表中,从上到下,气态氢化物的稳定性逐渐减弱,从左到右,气态氢化物的稳定性逐渐增强。碳酸及其盐的稳定性。
其稳定性大小规律是:正盐的稳定性>酸式盐的稳定性>铵盐的稳定性>碳酸,活泼金属的碳酸盐>较不活泼的金属的碳酸盐,碳酸盐的稳定性<硅酸盐。卤素含氧酸的稳定性。规律是:低价含氧酸<高价含氧酸。卤化银对光的稳定性。
规律是:氟化银>氯化银>溴化银>碘化银。碱的稳定性。其稳定性大小规律是:金属越活泼,其对应的碱越稳定。碳酸钠晶体在干燥的空气中不稳定,易风化。浓硝酸、次氯酸不稳定,见光、受热易分解。
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扩展资料
分子中化学键的稳定性,另一种是说明其化学活泼性,如某物质化学性质稳定。一般规律是:分子中化学键的键能越大,越难发生反应。如硅的化学性质稳定,常温下不易与其它物质反应。氮气分子中键能大,化学性质稳定。
某类物质是否容易与另一物质发生化学反应而变质。如某类物质对空气的稳定性、对氧气的稳定性等。
常见的例子有活泼金属(钠、钾等)在空气中不稳定,易与空气中的氧气、水等反应。苯酚对氧气不稳定,在空气中久置易氧化变粉红色。氧化亚铁对氧气、对热不稳定,易转化成四氧化三铁。氧化钠不稳定,在空气中受热,转化成过氧化钠等。强碱、浓硫酸不稳定,易吸收空气中的水份。
有热稳定性,也有其化学性质,比如是否已被氧化或者还原,也是一种稳定性的判断。判断其稳定性,看里面元素的价态,具体还是根据失升氧化还原剂的口诀去判断,至于热稳定性,这个判断要看平时的积累,以及对这个物质的性质的了解,希望可以帮到你哦~
问题补充:那气态氢化物稳定性与其他两者关系呢 元素的非金属性越强,则对应的气态氢化物越稳定性。熔沸点与热稳定性无关。热稳定性取决于化学键的强弱
气态氢化物的稳定性一般是指热稳定性,当然你也可以特别指明其它稳定性,如氧化还原稳定性。
判断氢化物的热稳定性是比较简单的,只要判断:
1、核间距大小,即键长长短;由于是氢化物,所以也可以简单由非氢元素的原子半径来近似判断;键长或半径越短或越小,化学键越稳定,即热稳定性越高。
如比较HCl和HI的稳定性,前者比后者稳定。
2、当键长或半径相近时,可以看非氢原子的非金属性,非金属性越强,热稳定性越高。
如比较CH4和NH4(+)中键的热稳定性,后者大小于前者。
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