小孩怎样学好拼音和四声调

2025-02-07 10:48:42
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

如何读准声调
在拼音教学中发现有个别学生总是读不准声调.其实这个现象很正常,有些学生对声调不敏感,只要经常进行拼读训练就会有进步.以下,我根据自己的教学经验给家长们一些建议.
(一)五度声调调型图演示说明
1.一声平
2.二声扬
3.三声拐弯
4.四声降
(二)手势法初步感知
结合手势法,显示音高的变化,进一步加强学生对音高的认识.具体做法是:用手指按照四声的符号划动的同时,随音高的变化发音.
(三)声带控制法进一步感知
汉语声调高低升降的形成,是发音时声带松紧造成的.基于这一点,我们可以对学生进行声带控制的感知训练,让学生从中体会到发四声时声带的活动情况.声带的情况,无非是收紧和放松.
第一声,拉紧声带并始终保持紧张;第三声,放松声带并始终保持松驰;第四声,声带突然拉紧,然后逐渐放松;第二声,声带呈不松不紧的状况后,很快地拉紧.
(四)对比法学习第一声和第三声
可以先教第一声,又高又平,先发此声有为其他声调定高低的作用.很多学生发第一声时起调不高,这样影响其他声调的掌握.所以一定要让学生起调要高,声音要延长.
然后教第三声,我们把它放在第一声后面组成双音节练,这样一高一低,对比鲜明,从低到高,这两个声调的调值之间的音程是五度,也就相当于唱歌时的音阶do和so,所以不妨先学唱do-so,再把第三声和第一声的音节的词用do-so唱出来,如:
北京běijīng 好吃hǎochī 好多hǎoduō 首都shǒudū
这样两声调可反复练习,用以体会发高音和低音时的声带松紧的不同感觉.
(五)带音法学习第四声和第二声
等学生完全掌握了第一声和第三声以后,接着应该教的是第四声的降调.因为既能发高平,也已能发低平,那么由高到低会比较容易,第四声刚到是从第一声到第三声2最低点.练习方法可以让学生先说“第一声+第三声”的双音节,先发第一声,然后快速溜到第三声,尽量快,直到合成一个音节,所以第三声的音节要选零声母的,要能与前一个音节自然合成另一个音节,如:
区 雨 qū+yǔ → 去qù
低以 dī+yǐ → 第dì
姑五 gū+wǔ → 故 gù
该矮 gāi+ǎi → 盖gài
第二声升调比降调难学,可以在学生掌握了降调第四声后才教.发完第四声,声带已经放松了,然后很快拉紧,就是近似第二声的升调.不少人发第二声时,升不上去,其原因往往是起音太高,所以我们可以用第四声的最低点带出第二声.因为发完第四声,声音已经降下来了,便于发好第二声,如:
地图dìtú 练习liànxí 例如lìrú
印尼yìnní 泰国tàiguó 去年qùnián
(六)唱四声
带学生按照正常的顺序读语句,使学生在练习中体会并习惯汉语四声的高低变化.形式多样,可以先领唱,再让学生齐唱、独唱,等等.如:
山明水秀 shānmíngshuǐxiù 飞禽走兽 fēiqínzǒushòu
心直口快 xīnzhíkǒukuài 花红柳绿 huāhóngliǔlǜ
英雄好汉 yīngxiónghǎohàn 山河美丽 shānhéměilì
(七)练习巩固,可以设计更多的练习进一步加深学生的印象和感受.
需要说的一点是,声调本身并不是特别难学,关键是在学习每个词的时候,不仅要记住声母、韵母,还要记住声调.练习和记忆是掌握普通话声调的根本办法.
最后让我们大家来读一段的绕口令:
堂堂端糖汤
要去塘上堂
汤烫糖又淌
汤淌糖又烫
堂堂躺堂上

回答2:

好好背第一册的生母和韵母

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