推荐回答(1个)
“床前明月光,疑是地上霜。举头望明月,低头思故乡”,这首《静夜思》相信大家都耳熟能详。诗仙李白透过明月寄托出了自己的思乡之情,但令人疑惑的是,关于李白的故乡至今仍然是个谜。
几年前,湖北安陆与四川江油的李白故乡之争记忆犹新,后来就连吉尔吉斯斯坦的托克马克也加入了这场李白故乡之争。随着旅游文化产业的发展,甘肃天水、山东济宁也纷纷加入了这场李白故乡之争当中。那么在这么多的城市里,究竟哪个才是诗仙李白真正的故乡呢?

祖籍陇西成纪(今甘肃天水),甘肃天水在中国历史上算得上是举足轻重,相传三皇之一的伏羲当年主要活动范围就在天水。诗仙李白同样是这块土地孕育而来的,李白族叔李阳冰在其《草堂集序》当中就对李白的身世做了说明:“李白字太白,陇西成纪人。凉武昭王暠九世孙。蝉联珪组,世为显著”。作为李白的族叔,对李白身世的说明,权威性、可信度都算得上比较高的。
此外李白在其作品《赠张相镐二首》当中对自己的身世也做了说明:“本家陇西人,先为汉边将。功略盖天地,名飞青云上。苦战竟不侯,当年颇惆怅。世传腔桐勇,气激金风壮。英烈遗厥孙,百代神犹王”。由此可见李白对于陇西成纪人的这个身份也还是比较认可的。

出生地西域碎叶城(今吉尔吉斯斯坦托克马克)。关于李白的出生地的说法其实有两种,受到大多数人认可的观点是西域说。李白《江西送友人之罗浮》诗云:“乡关吵安西,流浪将何之”,对于身世的自怜自叹,恰恰证明了李白出身于西域的说法。为何祖籍在陇西的李白,会出生于千里之外的西域呢?
这不得不提到李白的先祖,据《新唐书·文苑列传》记载:“李白,字太白,兴圣皇帝九孙。其先隋末以罪徙西域”。因为其先祖犯罪而被流放到西域,这才使得李白不得以出生于“国外”。

童年、青少年成长地巴蜀绵州(今四川江油)。为何四川江油敢于在李白故里之争当中,提出“唯一一个李白故里”的口号,不仅仅是因为李白青少年时期的成长之地在绵州,更重要的是关于李白出生地的另一种说法就是:李白出生于巴蜀。
据李阳冰的《草堂集序》记载:“中叶非罪,谪居条支,易姓与名。然自穷蝉至舜,五世为庶,累世不大曜,亦可叹焉。神龙之始,逃归于蜀,复指李树,而生伯阳。惊姜之夕,长庚入梦,故生而名白,以太白字之。世称太白之精,得之矣”。根据李白族叔李阳冰的这种说法,李白先祖虽然因罪被流放到西域,但是到了神龙年间李白一家就已经迁往巴蜀,并在巴蜀生下了李白。

但是仔细推敲一下,不难发现,这一观点有一个很大的漏洞——那就是李白的年纪。我们都知道李白出生于公元701年(即长安元年),而神龙元年则是公元705年,按李阳冰的说法,李白又岂会在神龙年间出生于巴蜀呢?
不过虽然李白并非生于巴蜀,但是可以肯定的是,李白的童年、青年都是在巴蜀长大的。一个人记事最少也要4、5岁之后,所以李白关于故乡的记忆更多的是巴蜀绵州,而非千里之外的西域碎叶城。

成家之地荆楚安州(今湖北安陆),湖北安陆之所以敢于争夺李白故里的称号,很大的一个原因就在于,这里是李白成家的地方。开元十二年,二十四岁的李白踏上了远游的征途。他先后去了成都、峨眉山、会稽、扬州、汝州,最后于开元十四年到底安州。在安州,李白先是结识了同样是诗人的孟浩然,第二年里迎娶了故宰相许圉师的孙女许氏,从此安家在安州寿山。在安州李白一共生活了将近十年,在长达十年的生活当中,安州不免被李白当中了第二故乡。
与安州相同的还有山东任城(今山东济宁),在任城李白迎来了他的另一位妻子。李白举家离开安州之后,便来到了山东任城。到了任城几年后,许氏因病去世,李白另娶了一名山东女子为妻,并生下一子。之后李白便在山东生活了多年,因此山东也成了李白心目当中的另一个故乡。

其实说来也算可怜,一生辗转多地的李白,把很多地方当成自己的故乡,但是在这么多的地方当中,又真正找不到归属。对于李白而言,到底何处是故乡呢?是祖籍地陇西成纪?还是出生地西域碎叶城?亦或者是少年成长之地巴蜀绵州?乃至于成家之地的荆楚安州、山东任城?故乡何其多,何处是故乡?归去来兮,无处归。
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