新刑事诉讼法关于非法证据排除规则有哪些完善之处?并对其进行评价。

2025-02-27 01:51:09
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

  一、是实体性规则,主要是对非法证据特别是非法言词证据的内涵和外延进行界定。
  1. 突出非法言词证据——非法证据,除了非法言词证据,还有非法实物证据。现有司法解释对非法言词证据的排除有原则规定,非法实物证据情况复杂,难以作出一概禁止的一般性规定。《非法证据排除规定》主要是对非法言词证据排除的操作规程作出了规范。
  2.是突出以刑讯逼供等非法手段取得的言词证据——非法言词证据包括实体违法,如以刑讯逼供取得口供;程序违法,如侦查人员违反规定单人取证。对于程序违法取得的言词证据,实践中一般均应补正、完善。《非法证据排除规定》第1条、第2条明确规定,以刑讯逼供等非法手段取得的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述,属于非法言词证据,应当依法予以排除。
  二、是程序性规则,主要是对排除非法证据问题规定了具体的操作规程。包括具体审查、排除非法证据的程序和对证据合法性的证明责任、证明标准及侦查人员出庭作证问题。
  1.程序启动——在法庭调查过程中,被告人有权提出其审判前供述是非法取得的意见,并提供相关线索或者证据。
  2.法庭初步审查——程序启动后,法庭应当进行审查。合议庭对被告人审判前供述取得的合法性没有疑问的,可以直接对起诉指控的犯罪事实进行调查;对供述取得的合法性有疑问的,则由公诉人对取证的合法性举证。

  3、控方证明——公诉人应当向法庭提供讯问笔录、原始的讯问过程录音录像或者其他证据,提请法庭通知讯问时其他在场人员或者其他证人出庭作证,仍不能排除刑讯逼供嫌疑的,提请法庭通知讯问人员出庭作证,对该供述取得的合法性予以证明。
  4、双方质证——公诉人举证后,控辩双方可以就被告人审判前供述的取得是否合法的问题进行质证、辩论。
  5、法庭处理——法庭对被告人审判前供述的合法性问题作出裁定:如公诉人的证明达到确实、充分的程度,能够排除被告人审判前供述属非法取得的,法庭确认该供述的合法性,准许当庭宣读、质证;否则,法庭对该供述予以排除,不作为定案的根据。

回答2:

  非法证据排除规则的完善之处:
  (一)建构完整的证据法体系
  目前我国有关证据方面的规定散见于各个部门法及相关司法解释和规定,这不仅给司法人员及当事人适用带来不便,还可能导致法律适用的冲突。非法证据排除应包含在整个证据法体系中,作为违法证据排除适用的救济手段,以此来保障非法证据排除规则的实施。
  (二)细化相关条文
  现有的规定有待司法实践去完善和补充,既要明确规定非法证据排除规则的具体适用情形和适当例外,又要确立一些相配套的刑事证据规则,真正形成非法证据排除规则体系,以发挥非法证据排除规则的实际功效。
  总之,非法证据排除规则对于刑事司法的民主化乃至我国整个人权保障体系的构建具有重要意义。构建完善非法证据排除规则体系还面临司法人员认识和观念上的障碍,司法体制和制度的障碍以及其他社会现实条件不成熟等,仍然任重而道远。

回答3:

对各种证据的审查都规定得符合法律精神,体现了我国的司法正义,但还有许多争论空间比较大的部分

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