推荐回答(1个)
课堂提问既是重要的教学手段,又是巧妙的教学艺术。在小学数学教学中,培养学生的提问能力,对于开发学生智力,发展学生思维,变被动接受为主动探求以及实现素质教育起着积极的作用。那么,如何来培养学生的提问能力呢?
一、改变教学方式,转变思维方式,鼓励学生发问
现有的教学方式是以教师主动提问、学生被动回答为主,学生处于绝对服从的被动地位,唯师是从,这种教学方式会限制学生的思维。教师要努力改变教学方式,通过创设好的疑问环境,把富有挑战性的问题隐藏在环境之中,调动起学生提问的积极性,然后通过教师的点拨,引导学生进行类比、联想,最终解决问题。
二、帮助学生调整心态,及时指导评价,让学生敢问
低年级的学生由于没有掌握提问的方法和技巧,往往表现出一种恐惧心理。害怕在课堂上提问会影响教师的教学程序,害怕提出的质疑不成问题而变成同学们的笑料,害怕提出的问题毫无价值而使人瞧不起自己。所以,教师要帮助学生改变不正确的观念,培养不迷信权威、不墨守成规、不害怕失败、敢于开拓进取的精神,鼓励学生大胆质疑,勇于提问。比如,对于在课堂上提问由于情绪紧张而说不清楚的学生,可以请其在课外继续补问;对于不敢在大众场合提问的学生,可以让其个别提问;对于口头表达能力差的学生,可以让其以书面形式提问。为了使学生在课堂上养成敢问、善问的习惯,教师应坚持使用“积极评价”和“不责说错”两种办法。积极评价就是对学生在提问中表现出的可以值得肯定的地方,给予表扬,让学生有成就感。对于提问错误或答题错误的学生,不责备、讥笑、呵斥。如果学生自己还没发现错误并重复出现错误,就把问题交给全班学生讨论。通过讨论,让学生认识到错误发生的原因,并引导学生自己纠正错误。这样做,学生都能积极参加教学活动,形成了一个积极的学习氛围,使学生始终都能保持敢问的心理状态。
三、掌握学生心理,注重教授方法,培养学生会问
教师要抓住儿童好奇爱问的特点,教授正确的质疑方法。在平时的每一堂课中,教师发问时要向学生展示提出问题的思维过程,使学生受到启迪,有法可循。同时也要引导学生在平时的学习中总结质疑的方法,鼓励学生对不明白、不理解的地方多问几个为什么。学生的模仿能力很强,经过多次练习,就能掌握提问方法,知道了从怎样的角度去提问,以后出现类似内容,学生的提问也就更有针对性。教师应让学生明确在哪儿找疑点,同时还要给学生教一些提问的技巧,指导他们如何提问。教师应当教会学生抓住教材的主要内容和逻辑结构进行提问,引导学生从概念、定义、原理、规律等处大胆思考,大胆提出问题。
总之,学生有了提出问题的能力,也就能善于提出有价值的问题,在提出问题的过程中,学生的创新思想、创新意识、创新精神也就悄然得到了发展。因此,教师必须从学生的实际出发,从教材的内容出发,改变教学方法,合理地设计教学环节,给学生提供质疑的空间,采取科学的教学手段,促使学生敢于提问、善于提问。
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