推荐回答(5个)
定义
在复合句中修饰某一名词、代词,起定语的作用的句子,叫定语从句。其中被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句常跟在先行词之后,由关系代词引导。
关系词
关系词常有3个作用: ①连接作用,引导定语从句。 ②代替先行词。 ③在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注:关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般whom作为宾语,whose作为定语(whom,whose不可省略)。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where)时间状语(when),原因状语(why)。
关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词
1,who, whom, that
这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下: (1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2,which 用来指人或物
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如: (1)the prosperity that had never appeared before took on in the countryside。. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语) (2)The package (which / that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
3.whose
(只用作定语) “whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西) 例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲) He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。(“whose”表示那个房子的窗户)
4.关系副词why
关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如: We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。
5.关系副词when
关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如: There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
6.关系副词where
关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如: This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。 That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。
在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
解题思路:划清主从句;找准先行词;分析从句中缺少的句子成分。
注:主句从句的成分必须完整;关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,关系副词做状语。
以下括号内容为从句(如果你是初中生就掌握下面的内容就够了,如果是高中生就还要掌握关系副词的用法,另外再告诉你)
(一) who, which, that引导的定语从句
1.who先行词是 “人” ,在从句中作主语、宾语;
whom先行词也是人,但在从句中只能作宾语;
This is the man (who helped me).
This is the man (who/whom you helped).
2. which: 先行词是物,在从句中作主语、宾语
This is the book( which you are looking for).
The building (which is being built) will be a library.
3. that: 先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语宾语或表语。
The lady (that came to our school) is from America.
The book (that I just read )is very interesting.
She is not the lovely girl (that she used to be).
注意:which /who /that 在从句中作宾语可以省略
如:This is the man (who/whom you helped)=This is the man you helped.
定语从句就是放在被修饰词之后用一个句子起形容词作用的句子。关系代词that基本是全能的,根据先行词所指内容选择相应的引导词,用陈述语序。
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