推荐回答(3个)
新型粘土耐火砖的最大特点,低容重,低热容,大大缩短了窑炉的升温与降温时间;低导热,有效地节约了炉内的燃料成本;具有良好的抗热震性;抗气流冲刷;良好的机械强度;内装金属锚固件,安全性能好;安装简便等;主要应用于钢铁企业的加热炉、连续退火炉、窑车、钢包盖等,以及用于热处理的退火炉、正火炉、回火炉、均热炉等。新型的节能型粘土耐火砖的节能效果与传统的粘土耐火砖相比,至少可以节能20%-30%,这种新型的粘土耐火砖尽管一次性的销售价格比传统的粘土耐火砖高一些,但它的维护费用很低。据统计,采用这种节能、环保、高效的粘土耐火砖,它的炉内温差只有±5%左右,而传统粘土耐火砖的温差达到±10%-30%,其维持成本只有采用传统粘土耐火砖的一半左右。所以说,从综合的经济效益来看,新型节能型的粘土耐火砖比传统产品高得多,这是当今钢铁业所期待的长寿、节能、不污染的“绿色耐材”。
这种新型节能、高效的粘土耐火砖在中国具有广阔的市场,前景十分宽广。据对国内钢铁企业的粘土耐火砖应用情况的调研,到目前为止,在中国国内仍有超过一半的钢铁企业继续应用中、低端粘土耐火砖产品,而在国外不少钢厂都采用了节能、高效、环保型的“绿色耐材”,因而中国钢铁企业的能耗高,环保差,成本大,与应用这种低端的粘土耐火砖分不开的。
东信耐材分析如下粘土耐火砖属于弱酸性耐火制品,能抵抗酸性熔渣和酸性气体的侵蚀,对碱性物质的抵抗能力稍差。粘土砖的热性能好,耐急冷急热。
粘土耐火砖的耐火度与硅砖不相上下,高达1690~1730℃,但荷重软化温度却比硅砖低200℃以上。因为粘土砖中除含有高耐火度的莫来石结晶外,
还含有接近一半的低熔点非晶质玻璃相。由于粘土耐火砖的荷重软化温度低,在高温下产生收缩,导热性能比硅砖小15%~20%,机械强度也比硅砖差,
所以,粘土砖只能用于焦炉的次要部位,如蓄热室封墙,小烟道衬砖及蓄热室格子砖、炉门衬砖、炉顶以及上升管衬砖等。
粘土耐火砖是指Al2O3含量为30%~40%硅酸铝材料的粘土质制品。实心粘土耐火砖是世界上古老的建筑材料之一,从陕西秦始皇陵到北京明清长城,它传承了中华民族几千年的建筑文明史。至今,它仍是国人衷爱的建筑材料。粘土耐火砖就地取材,价格便宜,经久耐用,还防火、隔热、隔声、吸潮等优点,在土木建筑工程中使用广泛。
粘土砖的矿物组成主要是高岭石(Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O)和6%~7%的杂质(钾、钠、钙、钛、铁的氧化物)。粘土砖的烧成过程,主要是高岭石不断失水分解生成莫来石(3Al2O3·2SiO2)结晶的过程。粘土砖中的SiO2和Al2O3在烧成过程中与杂质形成共晶低熔点的硅酸盐,包围在莫来石结晶周围。
粘土砖属于弱酸性耐火制品,能抵抗酸性熔渣和酸性气体的侵蚀,对碱性物质的抵抗能力稍差。粘土砖的热性能好,耐急冷急热。
粘土砖的耐火度与硅砖不相上下,高达1690~1730℃,但荷重软化温度却比硅砖低200℃以上。因为粘土砖中除含有高耐火度的莫来石结晶外,还含有接近一半的低熔点非晶质玻璃相。
在0~1000℃的温度范围内,粘土砖的体积随着温度升高而均匀膨胀,线膨胀曲线近似于一条直线,线膨胀率为0.6%~0.7%,只有硅砖的一半左右。当温度达1200℃后再继续升温时,其体积将由膨胀最大值开始收缩。粘土砖的残余收缩导致砌体灰缝的松裂,这是粘土砖的一大缺点。当温度超过1200℃后,粘土砖中的低熔点物逐渐熔化,因颗粒受表面张力作用而互相靠得很紧,从而产生体积收缩。
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