推荐回答(5个)
冬季捕鱼的原因:
过去,在寒冷漫长的冬季,他们依靠传统的捕鱼方式(查干湖冬捕)战胜严寒,维系生活,繁衍生息,世代传续。
到了现代,冬季捕鱼只是为了延续传统。
历史渊源:
查干湖冬捕有着悠久的历史。早在一万年前,古老的查干淖尔人就在这里以渔猎为生。古代的蒙古族之所以称查干湖为圣水母亲湖,主要是他们世世代代逐水草而居,生于斯、长于斯,以湖为生,惜湖如命,爱湖如母,尤其是在寒冷漫长的冬季,他们更是依靠传统的捕鱼方式(查干湖冬捕)战胜严寒,维系生活,繁衍生息,世代传续。
据《辽史》等书籍记载,自辽圣宗开始到天祚帝,每年春节过后,都要携嫔妃群臣到查干湖进行“春捺钵”(春季的行宫),凿冰取鱼,逐鹰猎雁,举行“头鱼宴”、“头鹅宴”,大宴群臣和各部落使节,议政外交,春尽乃还。大金皇帝完颜阿骨打誓师伐辽,占领塔虎城和查干湖后,也在这里搞“春剌钵”,重蹈辽的覆辙。
成吉思汗西征时曾到过查干湖,在这里行祭湖大礼并把查干湖周边辽阔的科尔沁草原分封给其二弟哈萨尔。从此蒙古族世代生活在这里,并从初期的崇拜天地,崇拜水和鱼;不吃鱼,到捕鱼,吃鱼,进而一人或几人徒手抓鱼或用刀叉猎鱼到与汉族的大拉网捕鱼方式结合,形成了今天神秘、神奇、神圣的查干湖冬捕。
蒙古族历史上崇拜天地山川,素有祭天祭山祭水之俗。1211年,成吉思汗率蒙古铁骑征灭金国的塔虎城(新泰州)后,向前行军途中,在查干湖东岸山地,一眼望见烟波浩淼的查干湖,顿时心旷神怡,随将九翼大军立足青山头上,行九九礼,祭祀大水泊——查干湖。
查干湖历史上就是天然的渔猎之地,远在辽代就已开始。亮子、大网等渔业发祥最早,亮子远在乾隆年间,即已开始;大网则始于同治年间;野泡网直至近代开始出现,大约在1930年以后。
查干湖方圆几百里。在滴水成冰的冬季,湖面是平展的明冰,鱼是喜群居的,入网口选准了,有捕不完的鱼;入网口选错了,只是空荡的水。历经无数幸运与无数晦气,使心存“万物有灵”的蒙古族渔民产生多种信仰与禁忌。基于在生存历程中对发明工具的崇拜,冬捕时要搞个企盼吉祥和收获的祭祀捕鱼工具的仪式,因以网为代表,所以叫醒网。经过祭湖、醒网仪式的固定和流传,逐渐民俗化,形成了神奇的冬捕习俗,在查干湖世代传承。
建国后,查干湖成立了渔场,吸收了周边渔民,仍然沿用原始的捕鱼方法,传承着神奇的冬捕习俗,多时一冬常有百趟大网入湖,红网(丰网)时,有的一网竟打出40多万斤鲜鱼,使查干湖冬捕更为壮观。近年来,为了保证可持续发展性,查干湖的渔民每年捕鱼都控制在200万公斤以内。
查干湖又名查干淖尔(蒙古语意:白色的湖),位于吉林省西部松花江畔的前郭尔罗斯大草原上,总面积420平方公里,是中国十大淡水湖之一,吉林省最大的内陆湖泊,也是吉林省著名的渔业生产基地,盛产胖头鱼、鲤鱼、鲢鱼等68种鱼类。
《答案在这里哦》——每年12月末至春节前的一段时间,是渔民进行大规模冬季捕鱼作业的黄金时间。据了解,这种渔猎文化源于史前,盛于辽金。另外,也因冬季捕鱼易于保存运输,所以这一古老的冬捕方式一直延续至今,千年不变。
查干湖冬季捕鱼节,一网下去拉出来这么多大家伙,看着真过瘾啊
因为冬季大量捕鱼有利于储存、运输,同时也为水下剩余鱼类提供更多的氧气。
2013年的春节,北京人终于可以就地买到查干湖有机鱼了。打400-188-6868,或百度快乐农庄,他们是查干湖有机鱼北京区专供。
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