推荐回答(2个)
1.一次函数(包括正比例函数) 最简单最常见的函数,在平面直角坐标系上的图象为直线. 定义域(下面没有说明的话,都是在无特殊要求情况下的定义域):R 值域:R 奇偶性:无 周期性:无 平面直角坐标系解析式(下简称解析式): ①ax+by+c=0[一般式] ②y=kx+b[斜截式] (k 为直线斜率,b 为直线纵截距,正比例函数 b=0) ③y-y1=k(x-x1)[点斜式] (k 为直线斜率,(x1,y1)为该直线所过的一个点) ④(y-y1)/(y2-y1)=(x-x1)/(x2-x1)[两点式] ((x1,y1)与(x2,y2)为直线上的两点) ⑤x/a-y/b=0[截距式] (a,b 分别为直线在 x,y 轴上的截距) 解析式表达局限性: ①所需条件较多(3 个); ②,③不能表达没有斜率的直线(平行于 x 轴的直线); ④参数较多,计算过于烦琐; ⑤不能表达平行于坐标轴的直线和过圆点的直线. 倾斜角:x 轴到直线的角(直线与 x 轴正方向所成的角)称为直线的倾斜 角.设一直线的倾斜角为 a,则该直线的斜率 k=tg(a).
2.二次函数: 题目中常见的函数,在平面直角坐标系上的图象是一条对称轴与 y 轴平行的抛物线. 定义域:R 值域:(对应解析式,且只讨论 a 大于 0 的情况,a 小于 0 的情况请读者自行推断)①[(4ac-b^2)/4a, 正无穷);②[t,正无穷) 奇偶性:偶函数
周期性:无 解析式: ①y=ax^2+bx+c[一般式] ⑴a≠0 ⑵a>0,则抛物线开口朝上;a<0,则抛物线开口朝下; ⑶极值点:(-b/2a,(4ac-b^2)/4a); ⑷=b^2-4ac, >0,图象与 x 轴交于两点: ([-b+√]/2a,0)和([-b+√]/2a,0); =0,图象与 x 轴交于一点: (-b/2a,0); <0,图象与 x 轴无交点; ②y=a(x-h)^2+t[配方式] 此时,对应极值点为(h,t),其中 h=-b/2a,t=(4ac-b^2)/4a);
3.反比例函数 在平面直角坐标系上的图象为双曲线. 定义域:(负无穷,0)∪(0,正无穷) 值域:(负无穷,0)∪(0,正无穷) 奇偶性:奇函数 周期性:无 解析式:y=1/x
4.幂函数 y=x^a ①y=x^3 定义域:R 值域:R奇偶性:奇函数 周期性:无
图象类似于将一个过圆点的二次函数的第四区间部分关于 x 轴作轴对称 后得到的图象(类比,这个方法不能得到三次函数图象) ②y=x^(1/2) 定义域:[0,正无穷) 值域:[0,正无穷) 奇偶性:无(即非奇非偶) 周期性:无 图象类似于将一个过圆点的二次函数以原点为旋转中心,顺时针旋转 90°,再去掉 y 轴下方部分得到的图象(类比,这个方法不能得到三次 函数图象)
5.指数函数 在平面直角坐标系上的图象(太难描述了,说一下性质吧……) 恒过点(0,1).联系解析式,若 a>1 则函数在定义域上单调增;若 00 性质:与对数函数 y=log(a)x 互为反函数. *对数表达:log(a)x 表示以 a 为底的 x 的对数.
6.对数函数 在定义域上的图象与对应的指数函数(该对数函数的反函数)的图象关于直线 y=x 轴对称. 恒过定点(1,0).联系解析式,若 a>1 则函数在定义域上单调增;若 0周期性:无 解析式:y=log(a)x a>0 性质:与对数函数 y=a^x 互为反函数.
7.三角函数 ⑴正弦函数:y=sinx 图象为正弦曲线(一种波浪线,是所有曲线的基础) 定义域:R 值域:[-1,1] 奇偶性:奇函数 周期性:最小正周期为 2π 对称轴:直线 x=kπ/2 (k∈Z) 中心对称点:与 x 轴的交点:(kπ,0)(k∈Z)
⑵余弦函数:y=cosx 图象为正弦曲线,由正弦函数的图象向左平移 π/2 个单位(最小平移量)所得. 定义域:R 值域:[-1,1] 奇偶性:偶函数 周期性:最小正周期为 2π 对称轴:直线x=kπ (k∈Z) 中心对称点:与 x 轴的交点:(π/2+kπ,0)(k∈Z)
⑶正切函数:y=tg x 图象的每个周期单位很像是三次函数,很多个,均匀分布在 x 轴上. 定义域:{x│x≠π/2+kπ} 值域:R 奇偶性:奇函数 周期性:最小正周期为 π
对称轴:无 中心对称点:与 x 轴的交点:(kπ,0)(k∈Z).
*三角函数的性质略了,太多,光公式就不止千个.另外,三角函数的图象平移,拉伸变化,在图象平移内 容中说得很清楚(不在这里,在教材里)我就不多说了
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