古代的人如何结婚

2025-02-06 04:03:16
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

  婚姻过程是指结婚时的具体实施阶段。中国古代把婚礼过程分为六个阶段,古称“六礼”,即纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。

  纳采,即男家请媒人到女方家提亲。若女家同意议婚,则男家正式向女家求婚,正式求婚时须携活雁为礼,使人纳其采择之意。《仪礼?士昏礼》中说:“昏礼下达,纳采用雁。”

  问名是男家托媒人询问女方的姓名和八字,以准备合婚。《仪礼?士昏礼》中记载:“宾执雁,请问名。”问名的文辞大多是:“某既受命,将加诸卜,敢请女为谁氏。”若女方同意,则授礼;男家即通过占卜测定吉凶。如果男女八字相合,则进行下一步。

  纳吉,即把占卜合婚的好消息告知女方,也是以雁为礼――后世则多以金银首饰等物为礼。相当于现在的定婚,俗称送定、过定、定聘。

  纳征,即男家将聘礼送往女家,又称纳币、大聘、过大礼等。古代纳征多以鸟兽为礼,上古时聘礼须用全鹿,后世简代以鹿皮。崔??的《婚礼文》中记载:“委禽奠雁,配以鹿皮。”《诗经?召南?野有死麋》中说:“野有死麋,白茅包之。有女怀春,吉士诱之。”写的就是用野鹿向女孩子求婚的事。因为古代纳聘多执雁为礼,故送聘礼又叫“委禽”。当然,古代纳征也并非全用鸟兽为礼,象《卫风?氓》中所说的“氓之蚩蚩,抱布贸丝。匪来贸丝,来即我谋”,就是以布为聘礼的例子。后来,纳征的礼仪越演越繁,成为六礼中礼仪最繁琐的过程之一。

  请期,即男家择定结婚日期后,备礼去女家,请求同意结婚的日期。现在民间俗称“提日子”、“送日头”。

  亲迎,即迎娶新娘。其方式、礼节各不相同,但一般是男子亲往女家迎亲。回到男家后,新郎、新娘共鼎而食,再将一瓠瓜剖为两半,夫妇各执其一,斟酒而饮,谓之“合卺”――此即后世交杯酒的源起。这一过程,是婚俗文化中最富民俗色彩的事象之一。

  古代富家子女结婚,一般都严格遵循六礼的步骤,而普通人家结婚则大多从简。齐鲁之地是古代的文明礼仪之邦,但也并不拘泥于六礼。齐俗不亲迎――现在山东临朐一带还是如此,早已被风诗所讥。《诗经?齐风?著》篇谓:

  俟我于著乎而,充耳以素乎而,尚之以琼华乎而。
  俟我于庭乎而,充耳以青乎而,尚之以琼莹乎而。
  俟我于堂乎而,充耳以黄乎而,尚之以琼英乎而。

  诗中所谓的“著”,指大门与屏之间的空地;庭,则指门内、堂前之地;堂,则为室前之厅。结婚时,男子只等在这三个地方,正说明了齐俗不亲迎的婚俗。

  后世的婚礼大致沿袭了古代六礼的过程,只是有繁有简,略有差异而已。然不管风俗如何不同,大致都有一个比较统一的步骤:一说亲,二定亲,三迎亲,四成亲

  迎娶队伍回到男家以后,鼓乐大作,鞭炮连声,男方亲友、邻里一拥而出,迎接新娘。晋东南沁县一带,新娘花轿讲究落在一床红被上,新娘索取“下轿钱”后,由一“全福人”相搀,踩着红毡进门。婆婆随后用笤帚在轿内象征性地扫三下,并取土一把,拿回家放在新房炕角席子下。这叫“扫轿土”,大约是和“不带娘家土”的习俗针锋相对,你怕带来娘家的土,影响娘家种庄稼;我偏要想方设法扫一些,以有利于自家的农事。

  山西有些地方在新娘出轿后,要把谷草秆、麸皮、瓜子、花生、核桃、栗子等物大把大把地往新娘身上撒,同时念诵赞辞。这一习俗叫“撒草”或“撒喜果”,起源甚为古老,相传早在汉代即已流行。早先叫做“撒谷豆”,意在压避青羊、乌鸡、青牛三煞神。后来逐渐演化,从赶煞神转为求吉利,晋南一带尚保留古意,翼城叫做“打五鬼”,浮山则叫做“摔新人”。

  新娘未出轿之前,雁北平鲁一带要由婆婆为她搽点粉,名为“添胭粉”.随后新郎手捧古书——《春秋》或《礼记》,和引亲先生到轿前迎接新娘。新娘头蒙红盖头、又叫“遮头红”,手捧内盛米、谷等物的“宝壶”,由引亲先生抛撒五谷开路,与新郎脚踩红毡,步入院中。晋南闻喜等地则由新郎手端搽油盘进轿,掀起新娘盖头,给额上点一点胭脂,名为“搽油”。然后由女方的“送姑”、即女送客和男方的“捏姑”、即女伴客,左右掖扶新娘下轿,脚踩红布或花布进院,名为“铺踩布”。翼城、曲沃一带负责“添胭粉”的是女方的伴娘,搽好脂粉后,新娘怀抱柳斗、桃技、历书、秤或辐条、铜镜、铜锁、箭等镇物,由“扶女嫂”左右搀出。随即以红绫一条,让新郎、新娘各执一端,男先女后踩着红毡相随人院,名为“牵红”。有的地方由司仪迎轿唱喜歌,祝愿夫妻美满幸福。

回答2:

是指配偶双方依照法律规定的条件和程序确立配偶关系的民事法律行为,并承担由此而产生的权利、义务及其他责任。

回答3:

拜天地,拜父母,夫妻对拜,入洞房

回答4:

现在不拜堂就能洞房喽·

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