推荐回答(1个)
1.用同种金属制成质量相等的实心金属球和金属盒各一个,把球放在封闭的盒内,它们恰好悬浮在水中,若把球与盒用细线相连,在水中静止时仍有1/6的体积露出水面,此时绳的拉力为20N。求:(1)金属的密度;(2)空心金属盒的体积;(3)剪断绳子,静止时金属盒露出水面的体积是多少?
2.坦克越过壕沟时,有一个简便办法:坦克上备有气袋,遇到壕沟时把气袋放下去,给气袋充气后,坦克通过壕沟就像走平地一样,设坦克的质量为4*10四次方KG,履带著地面积为5m2,当坦克的前一半履带压在气袋上时,坦克对气袋的压强是多大(设坦克前后是对称的)?
3.刘家峡水电站的水库大坝高147m,当水库水位为130m时,坝底受到的水的压强是多大?
4.一辆东风载重汽车,加上所装货物共重80000N,要匀速驶上长80m,高10m的斜坡,若摩擦阻力为5000N,汽车上坡时的牵引力至少为多大?
1.解:(1)把球放在封闭的盒内,它们恰好悬浮在水中,则ρ水V盒=2(m盒) ①
若把球与盒用细线相连,在水中漂浮,则5/6ρ水V盒+ρ水V球=2(m盒)②
①②联立为方程组 得出ρ球=m/V球=3g/cm^3
(2)由于金属球在绳子作用下静止可知三力平衡,则20N+ρ水V球=m盒=ρ球V球,可 求出V球=1cm^3
由ρ水V盒=2m =2ρ球V球 求出V盒=6cm^3
(3)剪断绳子,有ρ水(V盒-V露)=m可求出V露=3cm^3
2.解: F=(1/2)G=(1/2)mg=1/2×4×10000Kg×9.8N/Kg=196000N
P=F/S=196000N/[1/2×5m2]=78400Pa
解析:坦克的前一半履带压在气袋上时,这是干扰条件,此时作用在气袋的压力是重力的一半,受力面积也是总面积的一样,所以压强不变.
3.解:坝底压强 P=ρgh =1.0×103`×9.8×130=1274000pa
(提示:水深是130m,与水库大坝高度无关。)
4.解:(1)假如没有摩擦力,则根据F牵*L=G得F牵*80m=80000N*10m解得:F牵=10000N ,而本题摩擦力为5000N,所以实际所需的力为10000N+5000N=15000N
(2)若按高中知识来求,则先求出"下滑力"为:80000N*(10m/80m)=10000N ,"摩擦力"加上"下滑力(即沿斜面向下的重力分量)"就是所求牵引力的最小值:
10000N+5000N=15000N
1.小杰家的压力锅锅盖上标有“××铝制品厂24厘米压力锅”的字样,他测得限压阀的质量是100克,压力锅锅盖上排气孔的面积约为10平方毫米,这个压力锅正常工作时内部水蒸气的最大压强相当于大气压的多少倍?锅盖至少要能承受多大压力才能保证安全?(大气压强为1.0×10ˆ5帕)
2.一个体重为500N的同学骑自行车上学,在水平路面上以4m/s的速度匀速行驶. 有关数据如右表所示.
(1)在行驶过程中,车对地面的压强是多大?
自行车净重 200N
行驶过程轮胎与地面接触总面积 1×10-2m2
匀速行驶过程中的总阻力 30N
车轮直径 0.61m
轮胎承受的最大压强 1.2×105Pa
(2)该同学骑车沿直线匀速行驶10min做了多少功?
3、2.一辆质量为6t的载货汽车,在平直的公路上以90km/h的速度匀速行驶30min,汽车受到的阻力为车重的0.06倍(取g=10N/kg)
求:⑴汽车所受重力是多少?
⑵汽车克服阻力做的功的多少?
⑶汽车有6个轮子,每个轮子与地面的接触面积约为 250 cm2,汽车对地面的压强约是多大?
4、4.小明的妈妈买回来一箱24盒装的牛奶。他发现每盒外包装都标有“250 mL”字样,纸箱的外包装标有质量为7 kg.小明上网查知,这个品牌的牛奶密度为1.08g/cm3,比热容约为4.0×103J/(kg•℃)。求:(1)一盒牛奶的质量为多少?
(2)如果把一盒温度为20℃的牛奶放入热水中加热,经过一段时间后,牛奶和水最终的温度是50℃。则这个过程中牛奶约吸收了多少热量?
(3)小明利用整箱牛奶作为体育锻炼的器材,在0.1s内把这箱牛奶举高了0.5m,则小明在这个过程中对这箱牛奶做功的功率是多少?
(4)用尺测出纸箱的长、宽、高分别为30 cm、20 cm、10 cm。把整箱牛奶放在水平地面上,则箱子对地面的最大压强是多少?
5、如图所示,容器中装有水,水中有一个木块被细线系着,已知水
重200N,水深为0.5m,木块的体积为4dm3,木块的密度为0.6×103kg/m3,
试求:
(1)水对容器底面的压强是多少?木块受到的浮力是多大?
(2)若绳子断了,最终木块漂浮在水面上时,所受的浮力为多大?此时水对容器底的压强比第(1)问中的大还是小?
用滑轮组将质量是70千克的物体提高5米,绳重,摩擦不计,试求:(1)提起物体所用的力是多少?(2)绳端移动的距离是多少
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