吴三桂的生日

2025-03-25 04:12:22
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

吴三桂(1612年—1678年)字长伯。明末清初辽东人,祖籍江苏高邮,身高约合现今1.73米。武举出身,锦州总兵吴襄子,以战功及父荫授都指挥。明天启末年曾带二十余名家丁救其父于四万满州人之中,孝勇之举遍闻天下,有“勇冠三军、孝闻九边”的美誉。曾在北京短暂逗留,遍识名公巨卿及文人雅士,吴伟业称其为“白皙通候最少年”。崇祯四年(1631)八月,皇太极发动「大凌河之役」,吴襄在赴援时逃亡,导致全军覆灭,祖大寿降清,孙承宗罢去,吴襄下狱,乃擢吴三桂为辽东总兵官,镇守山海关。史载吴三桂部“胆勇倍奋,士气益鼓”,是明末最后一支有战力的铁骑部队。

崇祯十七年(1644)三月初,李自成破大同、真定,逼近北京 ,崇祯帝飞檄加封他为平西伯,令其放弃宁远(今辽宁兴城)入卫京师,起用吴襄提督京营。吴三桂奉旨入援京师,十六日抵山海关,一路上“迁延不急行,简阅步骑”,二十日抵达河北丰润时,李自成领导的农民起义军已进入北京,崇祯自缢景山(煤山),北京失陷,吴三桂撤兵退保山海关。李自成后曾多次招他归降,吴三桂再三犹豫,因其妾陈圆圆被李自成部将掠去,其父也被拘押“拷掠甚酷”,大怒。遂上书清睿亲王多尔衮 ,请清兵入关灭贼。李自成闻知此讯,4月13日,发兵二十余万亲率大军,奔赴山海关攻讨吴三桂。22日山海关之战,吴军初败,吴三桂求救于清摄政王多尔衮,清兵入关。吴三桂与清军在一片石战役中联合大败李自成,受清封平西王。

不久,吴三桂又为清军先锋,追击李自成,并平灭陕西等地的流寇余部,并灭四川军阀张献忠,结束了其在四川建立的暴虐政权。清顺治十四年(1657),会同清军多尼等进攻南明云贵等地区。十六年,清廷命他镇守云南,引兵入缅,迫缅王交出南明永历帝。康熙元年(1662),吴三桂杀南明永历帝于昆明。同年,清廷晋封吴三桂为平西亲王,兼辖贵州省,永镇云贵。与镇守福建的靖南王耿精忠、镇守广东的平南王尚可喜子尚之信相呼应,成为拥兵自重的三藩。

顺治十七年,朝廷以赋税不足,令吴三桂裁减兵员。吴三桂将绿营及投诚兵从六万人减至二万四千人,汰弱存强,留下的全是精锐之师。清廷于康熙十二年(1673年)下令撤藩。吴三桂闻讯后叛清。自称周王、总统天下水陆大元帅、兴明讨虏大将军,发布檄文,,联合平南王世子尚之信、靖南王耿精忠及广西将军孙延龄、陕西提督王辅臣等以反清复明为号召起兵反清,挥军入桂、川、湘、闽、粤诸省,战乱波及赣、陕、甘等省,史称三藩之乱。清政府调重兵全力镇压叛乱,逐渐扭转了战局,康熙十七年(1678年),吴三桂在湖南衡州称帝,国号大周,建元昭武。同年秋在长沙病死 。其孙吴世璠 继位 ,退据云南 。康熙二十年(1681年)昆明被围,吴世璠自杀,余众出降。吴三桂的子孙后代被彻底杀光。包括襁褓中的婴儿。《清史稿》有吴三桂本传。

本是大周皇帝的天子命,却为大清朝打下半壁江山的人,敢为爱情失去江山的人,使一代枭雄李自成命丧其手的人。
诸多的悲剧与无奈造就了他色彩鲜明、复杂多变的人生性格:既有“冲冠一怒为红颜”的真情实感;又有爱江山甚于爱美人的残暴与贪婪;他反复无常,言而无信,仕明叛明,联闯破闯,降清反清……人生之善与恶,无一不在他身上迸发……然而,作为历史上的传奇人物之一,吴三桂在明末清初的历史舞台上却又是最最关键的筹码。曾左右了当时的历史走向。因此,后人对其评价多是毁誉参半、亦扬亦异的。很难勾勒出他本身的性格及其演绎出的那些光怪陆离、令人目不暇接的人生变故。

回答2:

明万历四十年(1612年),吴三桂降生在中后所城一个低级军官之家。吴三桂生年,史书极少记载,惟孙旭撰《平吴录》记为壬子年,为万历四十年(1612年)。《清史稿·吴三桂传》只记卒年67岁,以此推算,其生年与孙旭所记吻合。

回答3:

回答4:

吴三桂,字长伯,明万历四十年(1612年)出生在辽东的一个军官世家。其父当过锦州总兵。后吴三桂中武举,官运亨通,年仅28岁就当了宁远(进辽宁兴城)总兵。

回答5:

吴三桂,字长伯,明万历四十年五月初十生于辽东。(是农历,如果要公历的话自己推算。)

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