推荐回答(1个)
统一场论是物理学的终结,也是老爱想做而未做到的事情,他那个时代对基本粒子的了解尚且不够全面,主要是弱相互作用没有被充分的发掘,注定一切努力是失败的,那个时代的领袖数学家魏尔和老爱共事过,做出了一个数学模型,提出了多维空间,可以把引力场和电磁场在数学上统一,逻辑自洽,老爱看了一下,说没有物理意义,这个事就作罢了,但是老爱很长时间觉得多维空间解决好了,能把电磁场和引力场统一,他的坚持促进了微分几何的极大发展,张振宁的规范场和丘成桐的卡拉比猜想,多多少少都是发起于老爱的思想,总而言之这个事情是没有办成的,老爱那样的人物没有办成,估计100年内是不会出现跨越式发展的。
目前来说,弦理论是最有前途的完成统一场论的一个数学物理理论了,它的课题比老爱的要大的多,要实现基本粒子和四种基本作用力的统一解释,物理学家追求的是理论的统一,由一个假设,演绎出许多的推论,这是和谐和简洁的,这是这种简单孕育最伟大的自然奥秘,也是老爱毕生工作的特点,但是弦理论是很啰嗦的,它有太多的假设了,比如额外维、超对称,暂不管这些假设是否正确,这种理论本身解决问题的同时,带来了更多的问题。弦理论预言的弦,是没有被物理观测到的,仅仅局限于理论阶段,也就是理论自洽,物理有意义,可以解释观测现象的书面工作,它的预言能力也不乐观,实验验证非常困难,其实,作为统一量子力学和广义相对论的理论,这个理论本身就超越了地球的认知,致力于解释宇宙的基本构成、起源和终结,其难度可想而知,我们现在对宇宙的观测和认识还远远不够,技术上也不成熟,验证弦理论还很遥远。
霍金黑洞专家,相对论和量子力学是他的专擅,弦理论懂得不多,爱德华威滕才是弦论大牛,创造了M理论。我觉得,物理学家真的很偏执,偏执到不能理解,为什么要追求最终的统一,可能世界本不是统一的,比如光的本质,至今无所定论,一句波粒二象性罢了,有些理论给出了光更现代化的本质,但是认可的少,这么基本的事情没有摆平,为什么去追求宇宙的始与终呢,但愿小小的人类能够不断揭示浩瀚宇宙的奥秘,宇宙中最不可理解的是宇宙是可以理解的!
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