推荐回答(1个)
这四人之中,大家第一个认识的人物便是司马光,来自“砸缸”。而后期随着对历史以及文学名著的深入,逐渐了解苏轼,王安石以及欧阳修三人,以此得出这四人的共性,便是同处于宋朝时期,而且因为身处于同一年代,还会产生交集。
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不过近些年来,一些影视剧题材如《清平乐》着重描写了北宋的繁荣盛景,其中用浓墨重彩的一笔描述了北宋所产生的文学天团,更加丰富了平日我们只能在书本之中见到的人物形象。不过影视剧题材也对我们从小所认识的司马光有了一些负面的评价,表现在他阻挠徽柔公主的婚事之上,被众多的网友批判封建、刻板。
这四人的排名之中,范仲淹是最早出生,其次是欧阳修、司马光,王安石,年纪最小的便是苏轼。欧阳修是范仲淹的门下,王安石和司马光又都是欧阳修,推荐给朝廷的人物,而苏轼是欧阳修的门生。虽然大家都是文坛圣人,不过政治地位之上苏轼稍低,其他几人都在宋朝的中枢机构进行工作,王安石和司马光更是担任过宋朝的宰相。
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范仲淹和欧阳修的同患难
当时宋朝器重文人,同一个官职,更可能出现三个人同时担任,以此来互相制衡权力。但是当宋仁宗执政之后,却对宋朝的这种制度严重不满,于是起用当时的范仲淹担任改革的主要领导。
若是想要改革,这种制度必然要对贵族集团发起攻击,而范仲淹确确凿凿的十条谏言立马遭到了各方势力的疯狂反扑。宋仁宗无法抗住压力,而范仲淹也自知改革无法进行下去,为了保护自己,自动请求外放做官,为期不到两年的庆历新政改革失败。
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而当时作为范仲淹的门生――欧阳修,在当时仅仅是一名小小的谏官,跟随老师一起进行改革,但是后期因为受到老师范仲淹的波及,于是在庆历新政失败之后,也遭到了贬谪,也就是《醉翁亭记》所著作的地方滁州。
司马光和王安石的生死冤家
司马光和王安石出生在同一年代,年纪相仿,又都因为得到了欧阳修的赏识进入朝廷,基本上算是同朝为官。而且当时司马光极力佩服王安石滴酒不沾的胆略气度,逢人必夸。而且王安石也听说了司马光砸缸的英勇故事,两人自此惺惺相惜。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Ff9dcd100baa1cd11b6e0b65ea912c8fcc3ce2d7e%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
但是两人却政见不合,在影视剧《清平乐》中便可以看出,司马光为人刻板,因循守旧,对于改革是不会做任何的尝试,属于保守派。但是王安石不同,王安石在宋仁宗时期便上书进行改革。可惜经历过新政失败的宋仁宗却没有理睬过王安石的谏言,一直到宋神宗时代,王安石才担任宰相,并且主持变法。
而且因为政见不合的司马光,一怒之下回家写书19年。而在19年的时间中,王安石的变法并没能顺利地进行下去,经历两起两落,最终消沉。而后期宋哲宗上台,太后高滔滔保守,重新起用司马光。而作为保守派的司马光将以往王安石的变法内容全部废除,直接将王安石气死。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fcc11728b4710b9120f973280d3fdfc039245227e%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
苏轼的墙头草
因为苏轼是欧阳修的门生,再加上王安石和司马光也是被苏轼所推荐,自然这三人关系算得上融洽,而王安石和司马光都对苏轼委以重任。
然而,在王安石变法之时,因为欧阳修的退休以及前期的伯乐之恩,自然是对苏轼多加看重。然而,苏轼却做出了与王安石变法相违背的举动,认为王安石其中的变法内容不适宜现在进行,遭到王安石的贬谪;而到了司马光主持政局之时,又重新起用苏轼,委以三品的官职,却不料苏轼又认为王安石变法的内容有些是可以取得,又将司马光得罪地彻彻底底,再一次遭到了贬谪。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fc2cec3fdfc0392451ae325719794a4c27d1e257e%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
所以无论是在王安石执政期间,还是司马光执政期间,变法派和守旧派苏轼都是摇摆不定,因此遭到两方面势力的集体打压,也只能一生漂泊,江海寄余生。
宋朝,尤其是宋仁宗时期是中国文人的高光时代,开国皇帝赵匡胤给予文人言者无罪的自由,为宋朝的文人铺垫了一个极其光明的前景。前期的范仲淹,韩琦,富弼,中期的欧阳修,王安石,司马光,以及后期的苏轼、曾巩等人,在宋朝整个时代是遍地开花,诗篇流传千年,滋养了中国文坛。
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