如何缩小我国贫富差距

2025-02-06 04:41:12
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

加快缩小贫富差距的对策建议

当前,我国人均G D P已突破4000美元,但收入分配领域的矛盾却比较突出,基尼系数居高不下,已超过国际公认的0.4的警戒线。根据国际经验和我国所处的发展阶段判断,缩小贫富差距已成为全面建设小康社会征程上必须尽快突破的关键障碍。为此,提出缩小贫富差距的对策建议。(来源: 经济参考报 转自:MSN中国)
第一,国民收入初次分配要兼顾公平与效率。初次分配差距太大,再分配纠正的成本就会过高。初次分配既要体现效率,又要体现公平,关键是要提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重、劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。我国应依法完善企业职工工资决定、正常增长和支付保障机制,完善并严格执行最低工资制度,建立健全工资支付保障金、欠薪应急周转金等制度,努力促进职工尤其是一线职工工资收入与经济社会发展和企业经济效益同步增长。
第二,国民收入再分配要更加注重公平。促进社会公平是再分配的重要职能。要扭转当前收入分配差距拉大趋势,就必须要充分发挥再分配的作用,关键是要加快完善社会保障和公共服务体系。我国应加快建立健全覆盖城乡的社会保障体系,建立社会保障水平正常增长机制并扩大覆盖面,特别是要加快实现农村养老保险全覆盖,降低民营企业社会保险缴费门槛,合理确定高收入群体社会保险缴费标准;合理设计社会救助制度,既约束“懒汉”,又切实救助困难群众;构建城乡一体化的公共服务体系,逐步提升各类公共服务的质量和水平。
第三,加强财税调节。财政政策是缩小贫富差距的强力工具。在收入方面,应创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入,壮大中等收入群体;应充分发挥税收调节作用,利用税收杠杆达到“限高补低”的效果,比如完善个人所得税收取方式、对高档商品住房开征房产税等。在支出方面,应建立起财政增加对民生投入的长效机制,确保财力向基层倾斜、向民生倾斜,比如硬性规定民生支出占财政支出的比重、省(区、市)向区县转移支付的占比等。
第四,大力促进就业创业。充分就业是形成合理收入分配格局的重要基础。促进就业创业,一靠发展,即通过加快产业发展创造更多的就业岗位和创业机会,比如支持内陆省份发展加工贸易和服务贸易,实现产业发展与劳动力优化配置等;二靠政策,即通过实施更加积极的就业创业政策,扶持更多新生劳动力和困难群众就业,比如推行免费中职教育帮助农民工及新生劳动力提升就业技能,扶持微型企业发展以带动大中专毕业生等群体创业等。
第五,促进城乡教育均衡发展。缩小贫富差距,既要治标,更要治本。要充分发挥教育作为社会公平孵化器的作用,让更多的人享受平等教育的机会,不让处于弱势的社会成员输在“起跑线”上。促进城乡教育均衡发展,关键是加大财政投入,补齐农村教育在“软件”、“硬件”两方面的“短板”,比如始终保持教育财政性投入占G D P的4%及其以上、加快推进农村中小学校舍标准化、教育照顾好农村留守儿童、完善困难家庭学生资助体系等。
缩小贫富差距是实现包容性增长的重要内容。“十二五”期间能否切实缩小贫富差距,对于我国能否顺利实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标具有重要影响。然而,缩小贫富差距是一个系统性工程。要成功破解它,关键是要靠改革,核心是要有系统性的制度安排,因而我们应该尽快系统地推进初次和再次分配制度、财税制度、公共就业和教育政策等相关方面的制度创新和工作措施创新。

回答2:

战争。子当下财富总量不变的前提下,唯有战争才能促进财富的流动。

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