液体动压轴承的分类及原理

2025-03-27 07:12:09
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

液体动压轴承分液体动压径向轴承和液体动压推力轴承。液体动压径向轴承又分单油楔和多油楔两类。
单油楔液体动压径向轴承,轴颈周围只有一个承载油楔的轴承。图2中是剖分式的单油楔轴承。O为轴承几何中心,Oj为承受载荷F后的轴颈中心。这两中心的连线称为连心线。连心线与载荷作用线所夹锐角φ称为偏位角。受载瓦面包围轴颈的角度β称为轴承包角。Oj与O 之间的距离e称为偏心距。轴承孔半径R与轴颈半径r之差c称为半径间隙。c与r之比ψ称为相对间隙。 e与c之比ε称为偏心率。最小油膜厚度Hmin=c-e=c(1-ε),所在方位由φ确定。轴承宽度B(轴向尺寸)与轴承直径d之比称为宽径比。
油楔只能在轴承包角内生成。当ε=0时,Oj与O重合,轴承则不能(靠油楔)承载。载荷越大偏心率也越大。当ε=1时,最小油膜厚度为零,轴颈与轴承即直接接触,这时会出现严重的摩擦和磨损。
在液体动压润滑的数学分析中,将油的粘度 η、载荷p(单位面积上的压力)、轴的转速n和轴承相对间隙ψ合并而成的无量纲数ηn/pψ称为轴承特性数。对给定包角和宽径比的轴承,轴承特性数只是偏心率的函数。对已知工作状况的轴承,可由此函数关系求其偏心率和最小油膜厚度,进而核验该轴承能否实现液体动压润滑;也可按给定的偏心率或最小油膜厚度确定轴承所能承受的载荷。
轴承特性数反映液体动压润滑下载荷、速度、粘度和相对间隙之间的相互关系:对载荷大、速度低的轴承应选用粘度大的润滑油和较小的相对间隙;对载荷小、速度高的轴承,则应选用粘度小的润滑油和较大的相对间隙。

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