(1)火箭推进器中盛有强还原剂液态肼(N2H4)和强氧化剂液态双氧水.当把0.4mol液态肼和0.8mol H2O2混合

2025-03-30 05:15:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①反应方程式为:N2H4+2H2O2=N2+4H2O,0.4mol液态肼放出257.7KJ的热量,则1mol液态肼放出的热量为

257.7KJ
0.4
=644.25kJ,
所以反应的热化学方程式为:N2H4(l)+2H2O2(l)=N2(g)+4H2O(g)△H=-644.25kJ/mol,
故答案为:N2H4(g)+2H2O2(l)=N2(g)+4H2O(g)△H=-644.25kJ/mol;
②已知
①N2H4(l)+2H2O2(l)═N2(g)+4H2O(g)△H=-644.25kJ/mol
②H2O(l)=H2O(g)△H=+44kJ/mol
依据盖斯定律①-②×4得到N2H4(l)+2H2O2(l)═N2(g)+4H2O(l)△H=-820.25KJ/mol:则16g液态肼物质的量=
16g
32g/mol
=0.5mol;
与液态双氧水反应生成液态水时放出的热量410.125KJ,
故答案为:410.125KJ;
③此反应用于火箭推进,除释放大量热和快速产生大量气体外,还有一个很大的优点是产物为氮气和水,是空气成分不会造成环境污染,
故答案为:产物不会造成环境污染;
(2)已知
①Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)═2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)△H=-24.8kJ/mol
②3Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)═2Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g)△H=-47.4kJ/mol
③Fe3O4(s)+CO(g)═3FeO(s)+CO2(g)△H=+640.5kJ/mol
据盖斯定律,①×3-②-③×2得:6CO(g)+6FeO(s)═6Fe(s)+6CO2(g)△H=3×(-24.8kJ/mol)-(-47.4kJ/mol)-2×(+640.5kJ/mol)=-1308.0kJ/mol
将上面的方程式除以6得:CO(g)+FeO(s)═Fe(s)+CO2(g)△H=-218.0kJ/mol,
故答案为:CO(g)+FeO(s)═Fe(s)+CO2(g)△H=-218.0kJ/mol.