推荐回答（1个）
市政排水管道工程建设
1、根据市政管道工程施工的实际情况，可将施工的全过程分为管道铺设前的准备、管道铺设和施工场地恢复三个阶段。每个阶段的关键工程是：1管道铺设前的准备1.1道路的拆除与恢复城区管道施工时，将有一定数量的既有路面被破除。为保证施工安全和路基质量，施工时要求管道在道路上开挖时，根据施工图纸设计要求，计算出开口宽度，并用白漆标注出开挖线，用切割机将路面切断，表层的破碎沥青面层及路基渣层，由挖掘机开挖，路基稳定砂层合理堆放以备回用，于是由自卸车运至弃土场。管道施工完成后，沟槽回填质量将直接影响道路的质量和使用功能。该工程管顶上500mm内回填素土，采用电动轻夯机分层夯实，以外采用蛙式打夯机分层夯填，回填时每层虚铺土层控制在250mm以内。每层夯填完成时，专职实验人员采用核子密度仪测量其密实度，以保证压实率达到95%以上。根据原道路结构情况，进行道路恢复。
2 、地上、地下公用设施的保护管道沟槽开挖时，应根据地质土层情况及时采用支撑，以免造成滑坡、塌方。开挖边坡及支撑形式要交项目监理审查，得到认可后方能施工。在建筑物、构筑物基础及电线杆、灯杆附近开挖时应上报防止其下沉或变形的措施、加固工程计算书及图纸，并交项目监理审批。
某些地段需要排水，以使开挖人员始终在干燥环境中工作。排水过程不得使地面产生过大的沉降，影响现场周围的建筑物、构筑物和其他公用设施的正常使用和安全。在建筑物、构筑物基础及电线杆、灯杆附近开挖，采用钢板桩加固。在高压线下开挖时，挖掘机要求不在电线正下方工作，必要时采用人工开挖。在公路边上开挖沟槽，在靠近公路一侧设立安全和警告标志，如护栏、路障及危险旗，在夜晚悬挂红灯。开挖过程中，遇有电缆、管道或其他构筑物时，及时与有关单位联系会同处理地下管线和各种构筑物，尽量临时迁移;如无法迁移，必须挖出使其外露，并采取吊、托等加固措施。
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