古文中三餐分别叫什么?

2025-04-07 23:05:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  指一日内的三餐,古代朝食称饔,第二顿饭叫哺(bǔ,)食,又叫飧(Sūn,),请人用餐称飨,晚饭称飧.
现代人都习惯于一日三餐,实际上秦汉以前人们一天只吃两顿饭.由于农业不发达,粮食有限,即使两顿饭也要视人而待.《墨子·杂守》说,兵士每天吃两顿,食量分为五个等级.第一顿称“朝食”或“饔”,在太阳行至东南方(隅中)时就餐.第二顿称“飧”或“食”,在申时(下午四点左右)进餐.对于进餐时间,古人讲“食不时不食”(《论语》).在不应进餐的时间用餐,被认为是一种越礼的行为或特别的犒赏.如《史记·项羽本纪》记载,项羽听说刘邦欲王关中,曾怒而下令“且日享士卒”,借此犒劳将士,激发士气.
汉代以后,一日两餐逐渐变为三餐或四餐.并且,三餐开始有了早、中、晚饭的分称.早饭,汉代称为寒具,指早晨起床漱洗后所用之小食.至唐代,寒具始有点心之称.《能改斋漫录》云:“世俗例以早晨小食为点心,自唐时已有此语.”至今,我国许多地区仍称早饭为早点.午饭,古人曾称之为“中饭”或“过中”.
一日两餐时,人们认为“贤者与民并耕而食,饔飨而始”(《孟子·滕文公上》),用过飨食,便意味着一日时间的流逝.而今天人们常用“一日三餐”之词来表示对时光的不同情感,其中包括惜时者的感慨.

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