如何看待马基雅维利主义

2025-03-06 13:52:22
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

马基雅维利主义主要是一套统治权术思想,政客们实际上的所作所为都是遵循马基雅维利主义基本思想的,可以说是西方谋权术的圣经。具体表现如下: 

1、军队和法律是权力的基础。 

2、君主应当大权独揽,注重实力,精通军事。 



3、君主不应受任何道德准则的束缚,只需考虑效果是否有利,不必考虑手段是否有害 ,既可外示仁慈 、内怀奸诈,亦可效法狐狸与狮子,诡诈残忍均可兼施。



4、君主可以和贵族为敌,但不能与人民为敌。 

5、君主应当不图虚名,注重实际。残酷与仁慈、吝啬与慷慨,都要从实际出发。明智之君宁蒙吝啬之讥而不求慷慨之誉。



扩展资料

马基雅维利主义利害关系:马基雅维利认为,人类愚不可及,总有填不满的欲望、膨胀的野心;总是受利害关系的左右,趋利避害,自私自利。因此,利他主义和公道都是不存在的,人们偶尔行善只是一种伪装,是为了赢得名声和利益。

人都是“忘恩负义、心怀二志、弄虚作假、伪装好人、见死不救和利欲熏心的”;即使最优秀的人也容易腐化堕落,因为作恶事更有利于自己,讲假话更能取悦于别人。人民有屈从权力的天性,君主需要的是残酷,而不是爱。

人应当在野兽中选择狮子和狐狸,像狮子那样残忍,像狐狸那样狡诈。君主不妨对行恶习以为常,不要因为残酷的行为受人指责而烦恼;“慈悲心是危险的,人类爱足以灭国”。马基雅维利有句名言:“只要目的正确,可以不择手段”或“为了达到一个最高尚的目的,可以使用最卑鄙的手段”。

回答2:

马基雅维利这种为达目的不择手段的政治权术理论,后来被资产阶级学者称为“马基雅维利主义”,甚至被法西斯分子用作实行独裁统治的理论依据,所以“马基雅维利主义”逐渐变成政治上尔虞我诈、背信弃义和不择手段的同义语。马基雅维利的政治理论同后来的“马基雅维利主义”有着严格的区别。前者是在西欧封建社会末期,作为新兴资产阶级反对封建腐朽实力而被提出来的,其主流是爱国的和进步的,反映了资产阶级建立统一强大的中央集权国家的进步要求。

马基雅维利主义与厚黑学里面的观点又有什么异同点?
李宗吾,和马基雅维利比起来,其逻辑过于零散和混乱,且缺乏实际经历的支持。
马基雅维利的君主论是欧洲近代政治学的开端,是文艺复兴政治学领域促成政教分离的经典,李宗吾的厚黑学则是批判程朱理学重整先秦学术的
马基雅维利在论述为君之道时,还是要让美第奇“装”作仁义道德,同时搞实用主义。李宗吾的学说本就是因为讽刺而生,更让人读来别扭,同意他,就是真小人,反对他就是伪君子。

马基雅维利主义者认为:为达目的,可以不择手段。拿到中国来,就是李宗吾讲的“厚黑学”。要离为了一己之私名,将一家老小推入火坑,千载之下,犹使人心惊胆寒。

回答3:

在西方政治思想史上,没有谁像马基雅维利那样备受争议,也没有谁像马基雅维利那样背负恶名。诸如“恶魔”,强权政治的维护者,失意的官场政客,共和主义的理论家,伪科学主义者等。列奥施特劳斯也称他为罪恶的导师。希特勒成《君主论》是他的床头读物。正是他学说的非道德主义色彩,加上独裁者不加掩饰的推举

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