结合当前我国经济形式,谈谈货币政策三大法宝在实践中如何运用,才能取得预期效果
推荐回答(1个)
目前处于经济危机中,所以总需求是处于低位.国民都不敢消费
也不愿意投资了.
那么货币政策是怎么来实现出他
功能的呢..
首先要知道货币政策
是通过
“什么”
影响
“什么”的。
通过什么呢?是通过货币供给量
影响什么呢?是影响利率。
加大供给
利率下降
减少供给
利率订花斥拘俪饺筹邪船矛上升。
利率上升
抑制投资
利率下降
促进投资
投资上升
内需增加
投资减少
内需减少
综合上面因果关系
货币政策是通过影响货币供给量造成的
那么到底怎么影响货币供给量呢
货币政策是由“中央人民银行”来实现的。中央人民银行通过3种措施来调控货币供给量
1公开市场操作(中国人民银行通过与商业银行的买卖国债来实现)
2再贴现率(央行通过与商业银行的再贷款利率增加或减少来实现)
3法定准备金率(增加或者减少商业银行的放贷能力)
宽松的货币政策工具,实际上,我国在近段时间一直在使用较宽松折货币政策,如:
1.货币政策则从2008年7月份就及时进行了较大调整。调减公开市场对冲力度,相继停发3年期中央银行票据、减少1年期和3个月期中央银行票据发行频率,引导中央银行票据发行利率适当下行,保证流动性供应。
2.宽松的货币政策。9月、10月、11月连续四次下调基准利率,三次下调存款准备金率,存款准备金率的下降,贷款基准利率的下降,目的是增加市场货币供应量,扩大投资与消费。
3.2008年10月27日还实施
首套住房贷款利率7折优惠;支持居民首次购买普通自住房和改善型普通住房。
4.取消了对商业银行信贷规划的约束。
5.坚持区别对待、有保有压,鼓励金融机构增加对灾区重建、“三农”、中小企业等贷款。
6.促进对外贸易:进出口行业是首当其冲地受到影响,并且从业人员众多(据统计已达亿人)。一是增加出口退税;二是人民币升值,都是增加出口竞争力的手段;
7.对外经济合作与协调(如中日韩之间的货币互换等)
。
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