推荐回答(5个)
和承载式车身相比,非承载式车身结构简单,制造比承载式车身简单得多,农用车,几个师傅在一起就能鼓捣出来的车,就是非承载式车身,但是比较坚固的,比较耐用,而且通过性很不错。缺点就是不舒适,颠的很啊。想当年的时候,我在农村的时候,就开过这样的车,算是比较好开的,而且车身比较坚固,记得那时候拉货,出去的时候路上出了事故,和别的小车撞了,结果人家的车直接瘪了进去,但是我的这个车竟然没怎么出毛病,这个质量真的没话说。
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非承载式车身的汽车有一刚性车架,又称底盘大梁架。在非承载式车身中发动机、传动系统的一部分、车身等总成部件都是用悬架装置固定在车架上,车架通过前后悬架装置与车轮联接。非承载式车身比较笨重,质量大,高度高,一般用在货车、客车和越野车上,也有部分高级轿车使用,因为它具有较好的平稳性和安全性。说白了就是悬挂不是直接联在车身上,而是联在车架上,车架上面再扣上一个车身。它的优点就是有独立的大梁,底盘强度较高,抗颠簸性能好,此外四个车轮受力再不均匀,也是由车架承担,而不会传递到车身上去。所以SUV和越野车用的比较多。缺点就是车身和车架是刚性联接的,在公路上行驶的时候,不是很平稳,会产生震动。另外遇到危险(如翻车)的时候,厚重的底盘,也会对相对薄弱的车身产生致命威胁(承载式车身便不会遇到这个问题,它的车身都是一体的)。
承载式车身(Unibody)是汽车底盘结构的一种,其车身负载通过悬架装置传给车轮。承载式车身具有质量小、高度低,装配容易,高速行驶稳定性好等优点。
非承载式车身(Body on Frame)是指车架承载着整个车体,发动机、悬挂和车身都安装在车架上,车架上有用于固定车身的螺孔以及固定弹簧的基座的一种底盘形式。
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二者有什么区别呢?
承载式车身的汽车没有刚性车架,只是加强了车头,侧围,车尾,底板等部位,车身和底架共同组成了车身本体的刚性空间结构。这种承载式车身除了其固有的乘载功能外,还要直接承受各种负荷。这种形式的车身具有较大的抗弯曲和抗扭转的刚度,质量小,高度低,汽车质心低,装配简单,高速行驶稳定性较好。但由于道路负载会通过悬架装置直接传给车身本体,因此噪音和振动较大。
非承载式车身的汽车有刚性车架,又称底盘大梁架。车身本体悬置于车架上,用弹性元件联接。车架的振动通过弹性元件传到车身上,大部分振动被减弱或消除,发生碰撞时车架能吸收大部分冲击力,在坏路行驶时对车身起到保护作用,因此车厢变形小,平稳性和安全性好,而且厢内噪音低。但这种非承载式车身比较笨重,质量大,汽车质心高,高速行驶稳定性较差。
非承载式车身和承载式车身都有优缺点,使用在不同用途的汽车上。一般而言,非承载式车身用在货车、客车和越野车上,承载式车身一般用在轿车上,现在一些客车也采用这种形式。
非承载式车身:优点:除了轮胎与悬架系统对整车的缓冲吸振作用外,挠性橡胶垫还可以起到辅助缓冲、适当吸收车架的扭转变形和降低噪声作用,可以极大的提高了乘坐舒适性;底盘和车身是分开的,维修方便,使用可靠;底盘间隙大,通过性好。缺点:汽车质量较大,油耗高;车架成本较高。一般非承载式车身使用在高级轿车和越野车上。
在非承载式车身结构中,不仅有悬架轮胎系统的减振作用,车身与车架之间的挠性橡胶垫也可以起到缓冲、吸声、隔振的作用,这样不仅延长了汽车的使用寿命,同时还可以提高汽车的乘坐舒适性。但是非承载式车身顾名思义,其车身不承受载荷,因此在设计的时候要保证车架要有足够的强度与刚度,进而导致了汽车质量的增加,轻量化程度不高,燃油经济性不好。
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